{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T02:05:16Z","timestamp":1769220316355,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]],"date-time":"2008-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1201824000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Bioinformatics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-s1-s18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,13]],"date-time":"2008-02-13T19:14:01Z","timestamp":1202930041000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Identification of human-to-human transmissibility factors in PB2 proteins of influenza A by large-scale mutual information analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Olivo","family":"Miotto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"AT","family":"Heiny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tin Wee","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J Thomas","family":"August","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Brusic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2562_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.10303","volume":"25","author":"SJ Baigent","year":"2003","unstructured":"Baigent SJ, McCauley JW: Influenza type A in humans, mammals and birds: determinants of virus virulence, host-range and interspecies transmission. Bioessays 2003, 25(7):657\u2013671. 10.1002\/bies.10303","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"issue":"6","key":"2562_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e135","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030135","volume":"3","author":"CE Mills","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mills CE, Robins JM, Bergstrom CT, Lipsitch M: Pandemic influenza: risk of multiple introductions and the need to prepare for them. PLoS Med 2006, 3(6):e135. 10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030135","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2562_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.56.1.152-179.1992","volume":"56","author":"RG Webster","year":"1992","unstructured":"Webster RG, Bean WJ, Gorman OT, Chambers TM, Kawaoka Y: Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses. Microbiol Rev 1992, 56(1):152\u2013179.","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"1416","key":"2562_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2001.1020","volume":"356","author":"JK Taubenberger","year":"2001","unstructured":"Taubenberger JK, Reid AH, Janczewski TA, Fanning TG: Integrating historical, clinical and molecular genetic data in order to explain the origin and virulence of the 1918 Spanish influenza virus. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2001, 356(1416):1829\u20131839. 10.1098\/rstb.2001.1020","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2562_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1206.051336","volume":"12","author":"G Neumann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Neumann G, Kawaoka Y: Host range restriction and pathogenicity in the context of influenza pandemic. Emerg Infect Dis 2006, 12(6):881\u2013886.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2562_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.67.4.1761-1764.1993","volume":"67","author":"EK Subbarao","year":"1993","unstructured":"Subbarao EK, London W, Murphy BR: A single amino acid in the PB2 gene of influenza A virus is a determinant of host range. J Virol 1993, 67(4):1761\u20131764.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2562_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-81-5-1283","volume":"81","author":"N Naffakh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Naffakh N, Massin P, Escriou N, Crescenzo-Chaigne B, van der Werf S: Genetic analysis of the compatibility between polymerase proteins from human and avian strains of influenza A viruses. J Gen Virol 2000, 81: 1283\u20131291.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2562_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1209.060276","volume":"12","author":"GW Chen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chen GW, et al.: Genomic signatures of human versus avian influenza A viruses. Emerg Infect Dis 2006, 12(9):1353\u20131360.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2562_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.57.2.697-700.1986","volume":"57","author":"AJ Buckler-White","year":"1986","unstructured":"Buckler-White AJ, Naeve CW, Murphy BR: Characterization of a gene coding for M proteins which is involved in host range restriction of an avian influenza A virus in monkeys. J Virol 1986, 57(2):697\u2013700.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2562_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-006-0852-6","volume":"152","author":"JM Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen JM, et al.: Exploration of the emergence of the Victoria lineage of influenza B virus. Arch Virol 2007, 152(2):415\u2013422. 10.1007\/s00705-006-0852-6","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"5767","key":"2562_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1121586","volume":"311","author":"JC Obenauer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Obenauer JC, et al.: Large-scale sequence analysis of avian influenza isolates. Science 2006, 311(5767):1576\u20131580. 10.1126\/science.1121586","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"2562_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7467","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.68.11.7467-7481.1994","volume":"68","author":"BT Korber","year":"1994","unstructured":"Korber BT, et al.: Genetic differences between blood- and brain-derived viral sequences from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients: evidence of conserved elements in the V3 region of the envelope protein of brain-derived sequences. J Virol 1994, 68(11):7467\u20137481.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2562_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.10146","volume":"48","author":"WS Valdar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Valdar WS: Scoring residue conservation. Proteins 2002, 48(2):227\u2013241. 10.1002\/prot.10146","journal-title":"Proteins"},{"key":"2562_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.050948","volume":"554","author":"MA Nobrega","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nobrega MA, Pennacchio LA: Comparative genomic analysis as a tool for biological discovery. J Physiol 2004, 554: 31\u201339. 10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.050948","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2562_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x","volume":"27","author":"CE Shannon","year":"1948","unstructured":"Shannon CE: A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal 1948, 27: 379\u2013423. 623\u2013656.","journal-title":"Bell System Technical Journal"},{"key":"2562_CR16","volume-title":"Bull Math Biol","author":"RA Gatenby","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gatenby RA, Frieden BR: Information Theory in Living Systems, Methods, Applications, and Challenges. Bull Math Biol 2006. (Advance online publication)"},{"issue":"17","key":"2562_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8757","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.17.8757-8768.2002","volume":"76","author":"K Yusim","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yusim K, et al.: Clustering patterns of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proteins reveal imprints of immune evasion on HIV-1 global variation. J Virol 2002, 76(17):8757\u20138768. 10.1128\/JVI.76.17.8757-8768.2002","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2562_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2007.02.005","volume":"244","author":"AM Khan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Khan AM, Miotto O, Heiny AT, Salmon J, Srinivasan KN, mento EJ, Marques ET Jr, Brusic V, Tan TW, August JT: A systematic bioinformatics approach for selection of epitope-based vaccine targets. Cell Immunol 2006, 244(2):141\u2013147. 10.1016\/j.cellimm.2007.02.005","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"2562_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2007.04.008","volume":"12","author":"A Muzzi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Muzzi A, Masignani V, Rappuoli R: The pan-genome: towards a knowledge-based discovery of novel targets for vaccines and antibacterials. Drug Discov Today 2007, 12(11\u201312):429\u2013439. 10.1016\/j.drudis.2007.04.008","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"2562_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S231","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/18.suppl_2.S231","volume":"18","author":"R Steuer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Steuer R, et al.: The mutual information: detecting and evaluating dependencies between variables. Bioinformatics 2002, 18: S231\u201340.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2562_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1109\/TCBB.2006.9","volume":"3","author":"Z Dawy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dawy Z, et al.: Gene mapping and marker clustering using Shannon's mutual information. IEEE\/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform 2006, 3(1):47\u201356. 10.1109\/TCBB.2006.9","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform"},{"issue":"22","key":"2562_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4116","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti671","volume":"21","author":"LC Martin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Martin LC, Gloor GB, Dunn SD, Wahl LM: Using information theory to search for co-evolving residues in proteins. Bioinformatics 2005, 21(22):4116\u20134124. 10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti671","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"8","key":"2562_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/17.8.700","volume":"17","author":"J Pei","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pei J, Grishin NV: AL2CO: calculation of positional conservation in a protein sequence alignment. Bioinformatics 2001, 17(8):700\u2013712. 10.1093\/bioinformatics\/17.8.700","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2562_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1162\/089976603321780272","volume":"15","author":"L Paninski","year":"2003","unstructured":"Paninski L: Estimation of entropy and mutual information. Neural Computation 2003, 15: 1191\u20131253. 10.1162\/089976603321780272","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"issue":"11","key":"2562_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2003.00248.x","volume":"58","author":"V Brusic","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brusic V, Millot M, Petrovsky N, Gendel SM, Gigonzac O, Stelman SJ: Allergen databases. Allergy 2003, 58(11):1093\u20131100. 10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2003.00248.x","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2562_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-7-170","volume":"7","author":"TJ Lee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee TJ, et al.: BioWarehouse: a bioinformatics database warehouse toolkit. BMC Bioinformatics 2006, 7: 170. 10.1186\/1471-2105-7-170","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2562_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/1.2.190","volume":"1","author":"C Schonbach","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schonbach C, Kowalski-Saunders P, Brusic V: Data warehousing in molecular biology. Brief Bioinform 2000, 1(2):190\u2013198. 10.1093\/bib\/1.2.190","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"2562_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1007\/11508069_52","volume":"3578","author":"O Miotto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Miotto O, Tan TW, Brusic V: Extraction by Example: Induction of Structural Rules for the Analysis of Molecular Sequence Data from Heterogeneous Sources. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2005, 3578: 398\u2013405.","journal-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science"},{"issue":"17","key":"2562_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9654","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.160270697","volume":"97","author":"YP Lin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lin YP, et al.: Avian-to-human transmission of H9N2 subtype influenza A viruses: relationship between H9N2 and H5N1 human isolates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000, 97(17):9654\u20139658. 10.1073\/pnas.160270697","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"5","key":"2562_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1080\/0307-9450310001596728","volume":"32","author":"J Liu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liu J, et al.: H9N2 influenza viruses prevalent in poultry in China are phylogenetically distinct from A\/quail\/Hong Kong\/G1\/97 presumed to be the donor of the internal protein genes of the H5N1 Hong Kong\/97 virus. Avian Pathol 2003, 32(5):551\u2013560. 10.1080\/0307-9450310001596728","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"issue":"5536","key":"2562_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1062882","volume":"293","author":"M Hatta","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hatta M, Gao P, Halfmann P, Kawaoka Y: Molecular basis for high virulence of Hong Kong H5N1 influenza A viruses. Science 2001, 293(5536):1840\u20131842. 10.1126\/science.1062882","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2562_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.65.1.245-253.1991","volume":"65","author":"J Mukaigawa","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mukaigawa J, Nayak DP: Two signals mediate nuclear localization of influenza virus (A\/WSN\/33) polymerase basic protein 2. J Virol 1991, 65(1):245\u2013253.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2562_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.12.022","volume":"321","author":"E Poole","year":"2004","unstructured":"Poole E, Elton D, Medcalf L, Digard P: Functional domains of the influenza A virus PB2 protein: identification of NP- and PB1-binding sites. Virology 2004, 321(1):120\u2013133. 10.1016\/j.virol.2003.12.022","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2562_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2443.1999.00275.x","volume":"4","author":"A Honda","year":"1999","unstructured":"Honda A, Mizumoto K, Ishihama A: Two separate sequences of PB2 subunit constitute the RNA cap-binding site of influenza virus RNA polymerase. Genes Cells 1999, 4(8):475\u2013485. 10.1046\/j.1365-2443.1999.00275.x","journal-title":"Genes Cells"},{"key":"2562_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20381","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M300130200","volume":"278","author":"P Fechter","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fechter P, et al.: Two aromatic residues in the PB2 subunit of influenza A RNA polymerase are crucial for cap binding. J Biol Chem 2003, 278: 20381\u201320388. 10.1074\/jbc.M300130200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"2562_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(78)90153-8","volume":"87","author":"C Scholtissek","year":"1978","unstructured":"Scholtissek C, Rohde W, Von Hoyningen V, Rott R: On the origin of the human influenza virus subtypes H2N2 and H3N2. Virology 1978, 87(1):13\u201320. 10.1016\/0042-6822(78)90153-8","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2562_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(78)90207-6","volume":"89","author":"AP Kendal","year":"1978","unstructured":"Kendal AP, Noble GR, Skehel JJ, Dowdle WR: Antigenic similarity of influenza A (H1N1) viruses from epidemics in 1977\u20131978 to \"Scandinavian\" strains isolated in epidemics of 1950\u20131951. Virology 1978, 89(2):632\u2013636. 10.1016\/0042-6822(78)90207-6","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"2562_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-82-6-1397","volume":"82","author":"V Gregory","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gregory V, et al.: Infection of a child in Hong Kong by an influenza A H3N2 virus closely related to viruses circulating in European pigs. J Gen Virol 2001, 82: 1397\u20131406.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"7062","key":"2562_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04239","volume":"437","author":"E Ghedin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ghedin E, et al.: Large-scale sequencing of human influenza reveals the dynamic nature of viral genome evolution. Nature 2005, 437(7062):1162\u20131166. 10.1038\/nature04239","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"2562_CR40","first-page":"32","volume":"16","author":"O Miotto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Miotto O, Tan TW, Brusic V: Supporting the curation of biological databases with reusable text mining. Genome Inform 2005, 16(2):32\u201344.","journal-title":"Genome Inform"},{"issue":"3","key":"2562_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.websem.2006.05.004","volume":"4","author":"S Stephens","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stephens S, LaVigna D, DiLascio M, Luciano J: Aggregation of Bioinformatics Data Using Semantic Web Technology. Journal of Web Semantics 2006, 4(3):216\u2013221.","journal-title":"Journal of Web Semantics"},{"key":"2562_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D5","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl1031","volume":"35","author":"DL Wheeler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wheeler DL, et al.: Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Nucl Acids Res 2007, 35: D5-D12. 10.1093\/nar\/gkl1031","journal-title":"Nucl Acids Res"},{"key":"2562_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D193","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl929","volume":"35","author":"The UniProt Consortium","year":"2007","unstructured":"The UniProt Consortium: The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt). Nucl Acids Res 2007, 35: D193-D197. 10.1093\/nar\/gkl929","journal-title":"Nucl Acids Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2562_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh340","volume":"32","author":"RC Edgar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Edgar RC: MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucl Acids Res 2004, 32(5):1792\u20131797. 10.1093\/nar\/gkh340","journal-title":"Nucl Acids Res"},{"issue":"7060","key":"2562_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04230","volume":"437","author":"JK Taubenberger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Taubenberger JK, et al.: Characterization of the 1918 influenza virus polymerase genes. Nature 2005, 437(7060):889\u2013893. 10.1038\/nature04230","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["BMC Bioinformatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2105-9-S1-S18.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2105-9-S1-S18\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2105-9-S1-S18.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T23:50:58Z","timestamp":1588377058000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2105-9-S1-S18"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2562"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2105-9-s1-s18","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2105"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2105","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"article-number":"S18"}}