{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T23:10:24Z","timestamp":1790982624958,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,12]],"date-time":"2007-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1192147200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,12]],"date-time":"2007-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1192147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Dev Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Stem cells with the ability to form clonal floating colonies (spheres) were recently isolated from the neonatal murine spiral ganglion. To further examine the features of inner ear-derived neural stem cells and their derivatives, we investigated the effects of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a neurokine that has been shown to promote self-renewal of other neural stem cells and to affect neural and glial cell differentiation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>LIF-treatment led to a dose-dependent increase of the number of neurons and glial cells in cultures of sphere-derived cells. Based on the detection of developmental and progenitor cell markers that are maintained in LIF-treated cultures and the increase of cycling nestin-positive progenitors, we propose that LIF maintains a pool of neural progenitor cells. We further provide evidence that LIF increases the number of nestin-positive progenitor cells directly in a cell cycle-independent fashion, which we interpret as an acceleration of neurogenesis in sphere-derived progenitors. This effect is further enhanced by an anti-apoptotic action of LIF. Finally, LIF and the neurotrophins BDNF and NT3 additively promote survival of stem cell-derived neurons.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our results implicate LIF as a powerful tool to control neural differentiation and maintenance of stem cell-derived murine spiral ganglion neuron precursors. This finding could be relevant in cell replacement studies with animal models featuring spiral ganglion neuron degeneration. The additive effect of the combination of LIF and BDNF\/NT3 on stem cell-derived neuronal survival is similar to their effect on primary spiral ganglion neurons, which puts forward spiral ganglion-derived neurospheres as an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> model system to study aspects of auditory neuron development.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213x-7-112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,12]],"date-time":"2007-10-12T18:13:42Z","timestamp":1192212822000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["LIF promotes neurogenesis and maintains neural precursors in cell populations derived from spiral ganglion stem cells"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Oshima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn Tju Wei","family":"Teo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Senn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Starlinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Heller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"254_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(01)00642-6","volume":"112","author":"B Malgrange","year":"2002","unstructured":"Malgrange B, Belachew S, Thiry M, Nguyen L, Rogister B, Alvarez ML, Rigo JM, Van De Water TR, Moonen G, Lefebvre PP: Proliferative generation of mammalian auditory hair cells in culture. Mech Dev. 2002, 112: 79-88. 10.1016\/S0925-4773(01)00642-6.","journal-title":"Mech Dev"},{"key":"254_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1038\/nm925","volume":"9","author":"H Li","year":"2003","unstructured":"Li H, Liu H, Heller S: Pluripotent stem cells from the adult mouse inner ear. Nat Med. 2003, 9: 1293-9. 10.1038\/nm925.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"254_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2004.12.005","volume":"203","author":"H Rask-Andersen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rask-Andersen H, Bostrom M, Gerdin B, Kinnefors A, Nyberg G, Engstrand T, Miller JM, Lindholm D: Regeneration of human auditory nerve. In vitro\/in video demonstration of neural progenitor cells in adult human and guinea pig spiral ganglion. Hear Res. 2005, 203: 180-91. 10.1016\/j.heares.2004.12.005.","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"254_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.20190","volume":"65","author":"S Zhai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhai S, Shi L, Wang BE, Zheng G, Song W, Hu Y, Gao WQ: Isolation and culture of hair cell progenitors from postnatal rat cochleae. J Neurobiol. 2005, 65: 282-93. 10.1002\/neu.20190.","journal-title":"J Neurobiol"},{"key":"254_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000215781.22345.8b","volume":"17","author":"Z Wang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang Z, Jiang H, Yan Y, Wang Y, Shen Y, Li W, Li H: Characterization of proliferating cells from newborn mouse cochleae. Neuroreport. 2006, 17: 767-71. 10.1097\/01.wnr.0000215781.22345.8b.","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"254_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.12.061","volume":"416","author":"X Lou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lou X, Zhang Y, Yuan C: Multipotent stem cells from the young rat inner ear. Neurosci Lett. 2007, 416: 28-33. 10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.12.061.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"254_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-006-0058-3","volume":"8","author":"K Oshima","year":"2007","unstructured":"Oshima K, Grimm CM, Corrales CE, Senn P, Martinez Monedero R, Geleoc GS, Edge A, Holt JR, Heller S: Differential distribution of stem cells in the auditory and vestibular organs of the inner ear. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2007, 8: 18-31. 10.1007\/s10162-006-0058-3.","journal-title":"J Assoc Res Otolaryngol"},{"key":"254_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-007-0079-6","volume":"8","author":"P Senn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Senn P, Oshima K, Teo D, Grimm C, Heller S: Robust postmortem survival of murine vestibular and cochlear stem cells. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2007, 8: 194-204. 10.1007\/s10162-007-0079-6.","journal-title":"J Assoc Res Otolaryngol"},{"key":"254_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2006-0303","volume":"25","author":"E Savary","year":"2007","unstructured":"Savary E, Hugnot JP, Chassigneux Y, Travo C, Duperray C, Van De Water T, Zine A: Distinct population of hair cell progenitors can be isolated from the postnatal mouse cochlea using side population analysis. Stem Cells. 2007, 25: 332-9. 10.1634\/stemcells.2006-0303.","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"254_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1159\/000096415","volume":"29","author":"MV Yerukhimovich","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yerukhimovich MV, Bai L, Chen DH, Miller RH, Alagramam KN: Identification and characterization of mouse cochlear stem cells. Dev Neurosci. 2007, 29: 251-60. 10.1159\/000096415.","journal-title":"Dev Neurosci"},{"key":"254_CR11","volume-title":"Hear Res","author":"R Martinez-Monedero","year":"2007","unstructured":"Martinez-Monedero R, Oshima K, Heller S, Edge AS: The potential role of endogenous stem cells in regeneration of the inner ear. Hear Res. 2007"},{"key":"254_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2004.05.008","volume":"10","author":"H Li","year":"2004","unstructured":"Li H, Corrales CE, Edge A, Heller S: Stem cells as therapy for hearing loss. Trends Mol Med. 2004, 10: 309-15. 10.1016\/j.molmed.2004.05.008.","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"254_CR13","volume-title":"Hearing Science and Hearing Disorders","author":"A Davis","year":"1993","unstructured":"Davis A: Hearing disorders in the population: first phase findings of the MRC National Study of Hearing. Hearing Science and Hearing Disorders. Edited by: Lutman M, Haggard M. 1993, New York: Academic Press, 35:"},{"key":"254_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1038\/336684a0","volume":"336","author":"RL Williams","year":"1988","unstructured":"Williams RL, Hilton DJ, Pease S, Willson TA, Stewart CL, Gearing DP, Wagner EF, Metcalf D, Nicola NA, Gough NM: Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells. Nature. 1988, 336: 684-7. 10.1038\/336684a0.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"254_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01826.x","volume":"86","author":"LS Wright","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wright LS, Li J, Caldwell MA, Wallace K, Johnson JA, Svendsen CN: Gene expression in human neural stem cells: effects of leukemia inhibitory factor. J Neurochem. 2003, 86: 179-95. 10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01826.x.","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"254_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7642","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-19-07642.2001","volume":"21","author":"T Shimazaki","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shimazaki T, Shingo T, Weiss S: The ciliary neurotrophic factor\/leukemia inhibitory factor\/gp130 receptor complex operates in the maintenance of mammalian forebrain neural stem cells. J Neurosci. 2001, 21: 7642-53.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"254_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"PE40","DOI":"10.1126\/stke.2003.201.pe40","volume":"2003","author":"G Muller-Newen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Muller-Newen G: The cytokine receptor gp130: faithfully promiscuous. Sci STKE. 2003, 2003: PE40-","journal-title":"Sci STKE"},{"key":"254_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/377591a0","volume":"377","author":"JN Ihle","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ihle JN: Cytokine receptor signalling. Nature. 1995, 377: 591-4. 10.1038\/377591a0.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"254_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20030407","volume":"374","author":"PC Heinrich","year":"2003","unstructured":"Heinrich PC, Behrmann I, Haan S, Hermanns HM, Muller-Newen G, Schaper F: Principles of interleukin (IL)-6-type cytokine signalling and its regulation. Biochem J. 2003, 374: 1-20. 10.1042\/BJ20030407.","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"254_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(93)90229-K","volume":"11","author":"MS Rao","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rao MS, Sun Y, Escary JL, Perreau J, Tresser S, Patterson PH, Zigmond RE, Brulet P, Landis SC: Leukemia inhibitory factor mediates an injury response but not a target-directed developmental transmitter switch in sympathetic neurons. Neuron. 1993, 11: 1175-85. 10.1016\/0896-6273(93)90229-K.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"254_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.12.103","volume":"1075","author":"KH Holmberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Holmberg KH, Patterson PH: Leukemia inhibitory factor is a key regulator of astrocytic, microglial and neuronal responses in a low-dose pilocarpine injury model. Brain Res. 2006, 1075: 26-35. 10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.12.103.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"254_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-05-01792.2003","volume":"23","author":"S Bauer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bauer S, Rasika S, Han J, Mauduit C, Raccurt M, Morel G, Jourdan F, Benahmed M, Moyse E, Patterson PH: Leukemia inhibitory factor is a key signal for injury-induced neurogenesis in the adult mouse olfactory epithelium. J Neurosci. 2003, 23: 1792-803.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"254_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12089","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3047-06.2006","volume":"26","author":"S Bauer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bauer S, Patterson PH: Leukemia inhibitory factor promotes neural stem cell self-renewal in the adult brain. J Neurosci. 2006, 26: 12089-99. 10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3047-06.2006.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"254_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(99)00152-5","volume":"138","author":"PL Marzella","year":"1999","unstructured":"Marzella PL, Gillespie LN, Clark GM, Bartlett PF, Kilpatrick TJ: The neurotrophins act synergistically with LIF and members of the TGF-beta superfamily to promote the survival of spiral ganglia neurons in vitro. Hear Res. 1999, 138: 73-80. 10.1016\/S0378-5955(99)00152-5.","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"254_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.11.030","volume":"138","author":"DS Whitlon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Whitlon DS, Ketels KV, Coulson MT, Williams T, Grover M, Edpao W, Richter CP: Survival and morphology of auditory neurons in dissociated cultures of newborn mouse spiral ganglion. Neuroscience. 2006, 138: 653-62. 10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.11.030.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"254_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2004.07.004","volume":"27","author":"M Pitman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pitman M, Emery B, Binder M, Wang S, Butzkueven H, Kilpatrick TJ: LIF receptor signaling modulates neural stem cell renewal. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2004, 27: 255-66.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"254_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.11.2335","volume":"126","author":"H Morsli","year":"1999","unstructured":"Morsli H, Tuorto F, Choo D, Postiglione MP, Simeone A, Wu DK: Otx1 and Otx2 activities are required for the normal development of the mouse inner ear. Development. 1999, 126: 2335-43.","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"254_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(01)00725-0","volume":"57","author":"H Sanchez-Calderon","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sanchez-Calderon H, Martin-Partido G, Hidalgo-Sanchez M: Differential expression of Otx2, Gbx2, Pax2, and Fgf8 in the developing vestibular and auditory sensory organs. Brain Res Bull. 2002, 57: 321-3. 10.1016\/S0361-9230(01)00725-0.","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"254_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-169X.2006.00879.x","volume":"48","author":"H Miyazaki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Miyazaki H, Kobayashi T, Nakamura H, Funahashi J: Role of Gbx2 and Otx2 in the formation of cochlear ganglion and endolymphatic duct. Dev Growth Differ. 2006, 48: 429-38. 10.1111\/j.1440-169X.2006.00879.x.","journal-title":"Dev Growth Differ"},{"key":"254_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20190","volume":"477","author":"H Li","year":"2004","unstructured":"Li H, Liu H, Sage C, Huang M, Chen ZY, Heller S: Islet-1 expression in the developing chicken inner ear. J Comp Neurol. 2004, 477: 1-10. 10.1002\/cne.20190.","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"254_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90662-X","volume":"60","author":"U Lendahl","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lendahl U, Zimmerman LB, McKay RD: CNS stem cells express a new class of intermediate filament protein. Cell. 1990, 60: 585-95. 10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90662-X.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"254_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1159\/000017435","volume":"22","author":"Y Kaneko","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kaneko Y, Sakakibara S, Imai T, Suzuki A, Nakamura Y, Sawamoto K, Ogawa Y, Toyama Y, Miyata T, Okano H: Musashi1: an evolutionally conserved marker for CNS progenitor cells including neural stem cells. Dev Neurosci. 2000, 22: 139-53. 10.1159\/000017435.","journal-title":"Dev Neurosci"},{"key":"254_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11296","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-36-11296.2003","volume":"23","author":"DN Furness","year":"2003","unstructured":"Furness DN, Lawton DM: Comparative distribution of glutamate transporters and receptors in relation to afferent innervation density in the mammalian cochlea. J Neurosci. 2003, 23: 11296-304.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"254_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4457","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-14-04457.1996","volume":"16","author":"A Matsubara","year":"1996","unstructured":"Matsubara A, Laake JH, Davanger S, Usami S, Ottersen OP: Organization of AMPA receptor subunits at a glutamate synapse: a quantitative immunogold analysis of hair cell synapses in the rat organ of Corti. J Neurosci. 1996, 16: 4457-67.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"254_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.5.1545","volume":"182","author":"SJ Martin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Martin SJ, Reutelingsperger CP, McGahon AJ, JA Rader, van Schie RC, LaFace DM, Green DR: Early redistribution of plasma membrane phosphatidylserine is a general feature of apoptosis regardless of the initiating stimulus: inhibition by overexpression of Bcl-2 and Abl. J Exp Med. 1995, 182: 1545-56. 10.1084\/jem.182.5.1545.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"254_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142849","volume":"25","author":"EW Rubel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rubel EW, Fritzsch B: Auditory system development: primary auditory neurons and their targets. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2002, 25: 51-101. 10.1146\/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142849.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"254_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s1016200220017","volume":"3","author":"RA Schmiedt","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schmiedt RA, Okamura HO, Lang H, Schulte BA: Ouabain application to the round window of the gerbil cochlea: a model of auditory neuropathy and apoptosis. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2002, 3: 223-33. 10.1007\/s101620020017.","journal-title":"J Assoc Res Otolaryngol"},{"key":"254_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.20310","volume":"66","author":"CE Corrales","year":"2006","unstructured":"Corrales CE, Pan L, Li H, Liberman MC, Heller S, Edge AS: Engraftment and differentiation of embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells in the cochlear nerve trunk: Growth of processes into the organ of corti. J Neurobiol. 2006, 66: 1489-500. 10.1002\/neu.20310.","journal-title":"J Neurobiol"},{"key":"254_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jnen.0000235855.77716.25","volume":"65","author":"MF Azari","year":"2006","unstructured":"Azari MF, Profyris C, Karnezis T, Bernard CC, Small DH, Cheema SS, Ozturk E, Hatzinisiriou I, Petratos S: Leukemia inhibitory factor arrests oligodendrocyte death and demyelination in spinal cord injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2006, 65: 914-29.","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"254_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2003.11.015","volume":"15","author":"C Profyris","year":"2004","unstructured":"Profyris C, Cheema SS, Zang D, Azari MF, Boyle K, Petratos S: Degenerative and regenerative mechanisms governing spinal cord injury. Neurobiol Dis. 2004, 15: 415-36. 10.1016\/j.nbd.2003.11.015.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"254_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4695(199712)33:7<1019::AID-NEU11>3.0.CO;2-A","volume":"33","author":"U Pirvola","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pirvola U, Hallbook F, Xing-Qun L, Virkkala J, Saarma M, Ylikoski J: Expression of neurotrophins and Trk receptors in the developing, adult, and regenerating avian cochlea. J Neurobiol. 1997, 33: 1019-33. 10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4695(199712)33:7<1019::AID-NEU11>3.0.CO;2-A.","journal-title":"J Neurobiol"},{"key":"254_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19991018)413:2<271::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-L","volume":"413","author":"SL Cochran","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cochran SL, Stone JS, Bermingham-McDonogh O, Akers SR, Lefcort F, Rubel EW: Ontogenetic expression of trk neurotrophin receptors in the chick auditory system. J Comp Neurol. 1999, 413: 271-88. 10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19991018)413:2<271::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-L.","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"254_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(93)90202-C","volume":"65","author":"J Ylikoski","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ylikoski J, Pirvola U, Moshnyakov M, Palgi J, Arumae U, Saarma M: Expression patterns of neurotrophin and their receptor mRNAs in the rat inner ear. Hear Res. 1993, 65: 69-78. 10.1016\/0378-5955(93)90202-C.","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"254_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(94)90064-7","volume":"75","author":"U Pirvola","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pirvola U, Arumae U, Moshnyakov M, Palgi J, Saarma M, Ylikoski J: Coordinated expression and function of neurotrophins and their receptors in the rat inner ear during target innervation. Hear Res. 1994, 75: 131-44. 10.1016\/0378-5955(94)90064-7.","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"254_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(03)00277-6","volume":"187","author":"CF Dai","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dai CF, Steyger PS, Wang ZM, Vass Z, Nuttall AL: Expression of Trk A receptors in the mammalian inner ear. Hear Res. 2004, 187: 1-11. 10.1016\/S0378-5955(03)00277-6.","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"254_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1078","volume":"4","author":"MV Chao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chao MV: Neurotrophins and their receptors: a convergence point for many signalling pathways. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2003, 4: 299-309. 10.1038\/nrn1078.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"254_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2005.01.004","volume":"15","author":"A Nykjaer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nykjaer A, Willnow TE, Petersen CM: p75NTR \u2013 live or let die. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2005, 15: 49-57. 10.1016\/j.conb.2005.01.004.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"254_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(94)90236-4","volume":"171","author":"AB Lyons","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lyons AB, Parish CR: Determination of lymphocyte division by flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods. 1994, 171: 131-7. 10.1016\/0022-1759(94)90236-4.","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"254_CR49","unstructured":"Image J. [http:\/\/rsb.info.nih.gov\/ij\/]"}],"container-title":["BMC Developmental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-213X-7-112.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-213X-7-112\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-213X-7-112.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T06:18:48Z","timestamp":1680502728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcdevbiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-213X-7-112"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,12]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}},"alternative-id":["254"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-213x-7-112","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-213X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-213X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 June 2007","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 October 2007","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 October 2007","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"112"}}