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Therefore, we generated conditional transgenic mice to test whether Wnt4 can stimulate mammary epithelial cell growth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that despite pregnancy-associated expression levels of Wnt4, mammary glands did not display the side-branching typical of early pregnancy. Control experiments designed to test the Wnt4 construct in zebrafish reproduced other studies that demonstrated Wnt4-specific phenotypes distinct from Wnt1-induced phenotypes. Indeed, using qPCR-based array analyses, we found that a specific transcriptional target of Wnt4, namely Wnt16, was induced in Wnt4-expressing transgenic glands, to levels equivalent to that of early pregnant glands.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Taken together, we propose that Wnt4 is necessary, but not sufficient, to induce side-branch development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213x-9-55","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,30]],"date-time":"2009-10-30T19:47:06Z","timestamp":1256932026000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Wnt4 is not sufficient to induce lobuloalveolar mammary development"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Young Chul","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rod J","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Pelegri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline M","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"459_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOMG.0000037157.94207.33","volume":"9","author":"KR Brennan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brennan KR, Brown AM: Wnt proteins in mammary development and cancer. 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