{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T06:21:23Z","timestamp":1793168483138,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,10]],"date-time":"2011-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1297296000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Evol Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In the model system <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster, doublesex<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>dsx<\/jats:italic>) is the double-switch gene at the bottom of the somatic sex determination cascade that determines the differentiation of sexually dimorphic traits. Homologues of <jats:italic>dsx<\/jats:italic> are functionally conserved in various dipteran species, including the malaria vector <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>. They show a striking conservation of sex-specific regulation, based on alternative splicing, and of the encoded sex-specific proteins, which are transcriptional regulators of downstream terminal genes that influence sexual differentiation of cells, tissues and organs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In this work, we report on the molecular characterization of the <jats:italic>dsx<\/jats:italic> homologue in the dengue and yellow fever vector <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Aeadsx<\/jats:italic>). <jats:italic>Aeadsx<\/jats:italic> produces sex-specific transcripts by alternative splicing, which encode isoforms with a high degree of identity to <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic> homologues. Interestingly, <jats:italic>Aeadsx<\/jats:italic> produces an additional novel female-specific splicing variant. Genomic comparative analyses between the <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Anopheles dsx<\/jats:italic> genes revealed a partial conservation of the exon organization and extensive divergence in the intron lengths. An expression analysis showed that <jats:italic>Aeadsx<\/jats:italic> transcripts were present from early stages of development and that sex-specific regulation starts at least from late larval stages. The analysis of the female-specific untranslated region (UTR) led to the identification of putative regulatory <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>-elements potentially involved in the sex-specific splicing regulation. The <jats:italic>Aedes dsx<\/jats:italic> sex-specific splicing regulation seems to be more complex with the respect of other dipteran species, suggesting slightly novel evolutionary trajectories for its regulation and hence for the recruitment of upstream splicing regulators.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study led to uncover the molecular evolution of <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti dsx<\/jats:italic> splicing regulation with the respect of the more closely related Culicidae <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic> orthologue. In <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic>, the <jats:italic>dsx<\/jats:italic> gene is sex-specifically regulated and encodes two female-specific and one male-specific isoforms, all sharing a <jats:italic>doublesex<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>mab-3<\/jats:italic> (DM) domain-containing N-terminus and different C-termini. The sex-specific regulation is based on a combination of exon skipping, 5' alternative splice site choice and, most likely, alternative polyadenylation. Interestingly, when the <jats:italic>Aeadsx<\/jats:italic> gene is compared to the <jats:italic>Anopheles dsx<\/jats:italic> ortholog, there are differences in the <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic> predicted default and regulated sex-specific splicing events, which suggests that the upstream regulators either are different or act in a slightly different manner. Furthermore, this study is a premise for the future development of transgenic sexing strains in mosquitoes useful for sterile insect technique (SIT) programs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-11-41","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,10]],"date-time":"2011-02-10T23:14:19Z","timestamp":1297379659000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Genomic organization and splicing evolution of the doublesex gene, a Drosophila regulator of sexual differentiation, in the dengue and yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Salvemini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umberto","family":"Mauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Lombardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreina","family":"Milano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Zazzaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Arc\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lino C","family":"Polito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Saccone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6668","key":"1649_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1038\/35618","volume":"391","author":"SC Raymond","year":"1998","unstructured":"Raymond SC, Shamu EC, Shen MM, Seifert JK, Hirsch B, et al: Evidence for evolutionary conservation of sex-determining genes. Nature. 1998, 391 (6668): 691-695. 10.1038\/35618.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1649_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/0470868732.ch11","volume":"244","author":"D Zarkower","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zarkower D: Invertebrates may not be so different after all. Novartis Found Symp. 2002, 244: 115-126. full_text. discussion 126-135, 203-116, 253-117","journal-title":"Novartis Found Symp"},{"issue":"7","key":"1649_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.072396ls","volume":"52","author":"L Sanchez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sanchez L: Sex-determining mechanisms in insects. Int J Dev Biol. 2008, 52 (7): 837-856. 10.1387\/ijdb.072396ls.","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1649_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3106","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.16.6.3106","volume":"16","author":"W An","year":"1996","unstructured":"An W, Cho S, Ishii H, Wensink CP: Sex-specific and non-sex-specific oligomerization domains in both of the doublesex transcription factors from Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Cell Biol. 1996, 16 (6): 3106-3111.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1649_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.2.4.477","volume":"2","author":"SB Baker","year":"1988","unstructured":"Baker SB, Wolfner FM: A molecular analysis of doublesex, a bifunctional gene that controls both male and female sexual differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster. Genes Dev. 1988, 2 (4): 477-489. 10.1101\/gad.2.4.477.","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"1649_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ge.17.120183.002021","volume":"17","author":"SB Baker","year":"1983","unstructured":"Baker SB, Belote MJ: Sex determination and dosage compensation in Drosophila melanogaster. Annu Rev Genet. 1983, 17: 345-393. 10.1146\/annurev.ge.17.120183.002021.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"1649_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90633-8","volume":"56","author":"CK Burtis","year":"1989","unstructured":"Burtis CK, Baker SB: Drosophila doublesex gene controls somatic sexual differentiation by producing alternatively spliced mRNAs encoding related sex-specific polypeptides. Cell. 1989, 56 (6): 997-1010. 10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90633-8.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"1649_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.082681ms","volume":"53","author":"M Salvemini","year":"2009","unstructured":"Salvemini M, Robertson M, Aronson B, Atkinson P, Polito CL, et al: Ceratitis capitata transformer-2 gene is required to establish and maintain the autoregulation of Cctra, the master gene for female sex determination. Int J Dev Biol. 2009, 53 (1): 109-120. 10.1387\/ijdb.082681ms.","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"},{"issue":"15","key":"1649_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3715","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.129.15.3715","volume":"129","author":"A Pane","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pane A, Salvemini M, Bovi PD, Polito C, Saccone G: The transformer gene in Ceratitis capitata provides a genetic basis for selecting and remembering the sexual fate. Development. 2002, 129 (15): 3715-3725.","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"1649_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.092917fr","volume":"54","author":"FM Ruiz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ruiz FM, Sanchez L: Effect of the gene transformer of Anastrepha on the somatic sexual development of Drosophila. Int J Dev Biol. 2010, 54 (4): 627-633. 10.1387\/ijdb.092917fr.","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"},{"key":"1649_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-10-140","volume":"10","author":"F Sarno","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sarno F, Ruiz FM, Eirin-Lopez MJ, Perondini LA, Selivon D, et al: The gene transformer-2 of Anastrepha fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) and its evolution in insects. BMC Evol Biol. 2010, 10: 140-10.1186\/1471-2148-10-140.","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1649_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00427-004-0464-7","volume":"215","author":"G Burghardt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Burghardt G, Hediger M, Siegenthaler C, Moser M, Dubendorfer A, et al: The transformer2 gene in Musca domestica is required for selecting and maintaining the female pathway of development. Dev Genes Evol. 2005, 215 (4): 165-176. 10.1007\/s00427-004-0464-7.","journal-title":"Dev Genes Evol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1649_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.109.109249","volume":"184","author":"M Hediger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hediger M, Henggeler C, Meier N, Perez R, Saccone G, et al: Molecular characterization of the key switch f provides a basis for understanding the rapid divergence of the sex-determining pathway in the housefly. Genetics. 2010, 184 (1): 155-170. 10.1534\/genetics.109.109249.","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"1649_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.109.100982","volume":"182","author":"C Concha","year":"2009","unstructured":"Concha C, Scott JM: Sexual development in Lucilia cuprina (Diptera, Calliphoridae) is controlled by the transformer gene. Genetics. 2009, 182 (3): 785-798. 10.1534\/genetics.109.100982.","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1649_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00427-003-0372-2","volume":"214","author":"M Hediger","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hediger M, Burghardt G, Siegenthaler C, Buser N, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, et al: Sex determination in Drosophila melanogaster and Musca domestica converges at the level of the terminal regulator doublesex. Dev Genes Evol. 2004, 214 (1): 29-42. 10.1007\/s00427-003-0372-2.","journal-title":"Dev Genes Evol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1649_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.082657gs","volume":"52","author":"G Saccone","year":"2008","unstructured":"Saccone G, Salvemini M, Pane A, Polito CL: Masculinization of XX Drosophila transgenic flies expressing the Ceratitis capitata DoublesexM isoform. Int J Dev Biol. 2008, 52 (8): 1051-1057. 10.1387\/ijdb.082657gs.","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1649_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5141","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005141","volume":"4","author":"M Alvarez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alvarez M, Ruiz FM, Sanchez L: Effect of the gene doublesex of anastrepha on the somatic sexual development of Drosophila. PLoS One. 2009, 4 (4): e5141-10.1371\/journal.pone.0005141.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1649_CR18","volume-title":"Area-Wide Control of Fruit Flies and Other Insect Pests","author":"A Pannuti","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pannuti A, Kokacitak T, Lucchesi CJ: Drosophila as a Model for the study of Sex Determination in Anopheline and aedine Mosquitoes. Area-Wide Control of Fruit Flies and Other Insect Pests. Edited by: Tan HK. 2000, Penang: Penerbit Universiti Sains"},{"issue":"Pt 19","key":"1649_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3701","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01819","volume":"208","author":"C Scali","year":"2005","unstructured":"Scali C, Catteruccia F, Li Q, Crisanti A: Identification of sex-specific transcripts of the Anopheles gambiae doublesex gene. J Exp Biol. 2005, 208 (Pt 19): 3701-3709. 10.1242\/jeb.01819.","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1649_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S1096-4959(00)00304-3","volume":"128","author":"F Ohbayashi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ohbayashi F, Suzuki GM, Mita K, Okano K, Shimada T: A homologue of the Drosophila doublesex gene is transcribed into sex-specific mRNA isoforms in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2001, 128 (1): 145-158. 10.1016\/S1096-4959(00)00304-3.","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1649_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.107.078980","volume":"177","author":"S Cho","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cho S, Huang YZ, Zhang J: Sex-specific splicing of the honeybee doublesex gene reveals 300 million years of evolution at the bottom of the insect sex-determination pathway. Genetics. 2007, 177 (3): 1733-1741. 10.1534\/genetics.107.078980.","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1649_CR22","first-page":"154","volume":"5","author":"SA Cristino","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cristino SA, Nascimento MA, Lda CF, Simoes LZ: A comparative analysis of highly conserved sex-determining genes between Apis mellifera and Drosophila melanogaster. Genet Mol Res. 2006, 5 (1): 154-168.","journal-title":"Genet Mol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1649_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.2009.00874.x","volume":"18","author":"CD Oliveira","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oliveira CD, Werren HJ, Verhulst CE, Giebel DJ, Kamping A, et al: Identification and characterization of the doublesex gene of Nasonia. Insect Mol Biol. 2009, 18 (3): 315-324. 10.1111\/j.1365-2583.2009.00874.x.","journal-title":"Insect Mol Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1649_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0965-1748(01)00067-4","volume":"31","author":"GM Suzuki","year":"2001","unstructured":"Suzuki GM, Ohbayashi F, Mita K, Shimada T: The mechanism of sex-specific splicing at the doublesex gene is different between Drosophila melanogaster and Bombyx mori. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2001, 31 (12): 1201-1211. 10.1016\/S0965-1748(01)00067-4.","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1649_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2004.03.024","volume":"34","author":"WD Severson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Severson WD, Knudson LD, Soares BM, Loftus JB: Aedes aegypti genomics. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2004, 34 (7): 715-721. 10.1016\/j.ibmb.2004.03.024.","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"5832","key":"1649_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1138878","volume":"316","author":"V Nene","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nene V, Wortman RJ, Lawson D, Haas B, Kodira C, et al: Genome sequence of Aedes aegypti, a major arbovirus vector. Science. 2007, 316 (5832): 1718-1723. 10.1126\/science.1138878.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"1649_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e332","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050332","volume":"5","author":"WJ Erickson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Erickson WJ, Quintero JJ: Indirect effects of ploidy suggest x chromosome dose, not the x:a ratio, signals sex in Drosophila. PLoS Biol. 2007, 5 (12): e332-10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050332.","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"1649_CR28","volume-title":"The Biology of Mosquitoes","author":"NA Clements","year":"1992","unstructured":"Clements NA: The Biology of Mosquitoes. 1992, London: Chapman & Hall"},{"key":"1649_CR29","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Genetics of Insect Vectors of Disease","author":"JGB Craig","year":"1967","unstructured":"Craig JGB, Hickey AW: Genetics of Insect Vectors of Disease. Edited by: Wright WJ, Pal R. 1967, New York: Elsevier, 67-131."},{"issue":"1","key":"1649_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0097-8485(96)80013-1","volume":"20","author":"J Jurka","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jurka J, Klonowski P, Dagman V, Pelton P: CENSOR--a program for identification and elimination of repetitive elements from DNA sequences. Comput Chem. 1996, 20 (1): 119-121. 10.1016\/S0097-8485(96)80013-1.","journal-title":"Comput Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"1649_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2165-c1","volume":"9","author":"VV Kapitonov","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kapitonov VV, Jurka J: A universal classification of eukaryotic transposable elements implemented in Repbase. Nat Rev Genet. 2008, 9 (5): 411-412. 10.1038\/nrg2165-c1. author reply 414","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"1649_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026161","volume":"16","author":"Z Tu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tu Z: Genomic and evolutionary analysis of Feilai, a diverse family of highly reiterated SINEs in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Mol Biol Evol. 1999, 16 (6): 760-772.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"40","key":"1649_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14959","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603228103","volume":"103","author":"BS Cannon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cannon BS, Sterck L, Rombauts S, Sato S, Cheung FF, et al: Legume genome evolution viewed through the Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus genomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006, 103 (40): 14959-14964. 10.1073\/pnas.0603228103.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"6","key":"1649_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3185","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.6.3185","volume":"272","author":"S Cho","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cho S, Wensink CP: DNA binding by the male and female doublesex proteins of Drosophila melanogaster. J Biol Chem. 1997, 272 (6): 3185-3189. 10.1074\/jbc.272.16.10652.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"1649_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05684.x","volume":"12","author":"ES Erdman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Erdman ES, Burtis CK: The Drosophila doublesex proteins share a novel zinc finger related DNA binding domain. Embo J. 1993, 12 (2): 527-535.","journal-title":"Embo J"},{"issue":"10","key":"1649_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s00427-007-0178-8","volume":"217","author":"MF Ruiz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ruiz MF, Eir\u00edn-L\u00f3pez JM, Stefani RN, Perondini AL, Selivon D, S\u00e1nchez L: The gene doublesex of Anastrepha fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) and its evolution in insects. Dev Genes Evol. 2007, 217 (10): 725-31. 10.1007\/s00427-007-0178-8.","journal-title":"Dev Genes Evol"},{"key":"1649_CR37","volume-title":"Gene","author":"AL Hughes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hughes AL: Runaway evolution of the male-specific exon of the doublesex gene in Diptera. Gene. 2010."},{"issue":"6","key":"1649_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762005000600008","volume":"100","author":"C Gentile","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gentile C, Lima BJ, Peixoto AA: Isolation of a fragment homologous to the rp49 constitutive gene of Drosophila in the Neotropical malaria vector Anopheles aquasalis (Diptera: Culicidae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2005, 100 (6): 545-547. 10.1590\/S0074-02762005000600008.","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"issue":"2","key":"1649_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/154.2.725","volume":"154","author":"FS Goodwin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Goodwin FS, Taylor JB, Villella A, Foss M, Ryner CL, et al: Aberrant splicing and altered spatial expression patterns in fruitless mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics. 2000, 154 (2): 725-745.","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"issue":"13","key":"1649_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5495","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/12.13.5495","volume":"12","author":"OP O'Connell","year":"1984","unstructured":"O'Connell OP, Rosbash M: Sequence, structure, and codon preference of the Drosophila ribosomal protein 49 gene. Nucleic Acds Res. 1984, 12 (13): 5495-5513.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acds Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1649_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.1020110402","volume":"11","author":"C Polito","year":"1990","unstructured":"Polito C, Pannuti A, Lucchesi CJ: Dosage compensation in Drosophila melanogaster male and female embryos generated by segregation distortion of the sex chromosomes. Dev Genet. 1990, 11 (4): 249-253. 10.1002\/dvg.1020110402.","journal-title":"Dev Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"1649_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1177\/074873002129002609","volume":"17","author":"R Stanewsky","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stanewsky R, Lynch SK, Brandes C, Hall CJ: Mapping of elements involved in regulating normal temporal period and timeless RNA expression patterns in Drosophila melanogaster. J Biol Rhythms. 2002, 17 (4): 293-306. 10.1177\/074873002129002609.","journal-title":"J Biol Rhythms"},{"key":"1649_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-7-113","volume":"7","author":"UL Hempel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hempel UL, Oliver B: Sex-specific DoublesexM expression in subsets of Drosophila somatic gonad cells. BMC Dev Biol. 2007, 7: 113-10.1186\/1471-213X-7-113.","journal-title":"BMC Dev Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1649_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-10-12","volume":"10","author":"P Gabrieli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gabrieli P, Falaguerra A, Siciliano P, Gomulski ML, Scolari F, et al: Sex and the single embryo: early development in the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata. BMC Dev Biol. 2010, 10 (1): 12-10.1186\/1471-213X-10-12.","journal-title":"BMC Dev Biol"},{"issue":"17","key":"1649_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8092","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.17.8092","volume":"89","author":"K Inoue","year":"1992","unstructured":"Inoue K, Hoshijima K, Higuchi I, Sakamoto H, Shimura Y: Binding of the Drosophila transformer and transformer-2 proteins to the regulatory elements of doublesex primary transcript for sex-specific RNA processing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992, 89 (17): 8092-8096. 10.1073\/pnas.89.17.8092.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"3","key":"1649_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.9.3.284","volume":"9","author":"WK Lynch","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lynch WK, Maniatis T: Synergistic interactions between two distinct elements of a regulated splicing enhancer. Genes Dev. 1995, 9 (3): 284-293. 10.1101\/gad.9.3.284.","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1649_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01528-07","volume":"28","author":"GM Suzuki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Suzuki GM, Imanishi S, Dohmae N, Nishimura T, Shimada T, et al: Establishment of a novel in vivo sex-specific splicing assay system to identify a trans-acting factor that negatively regulates splicing of Bombyx mori dsx female exons. Mol Cell Biol. 2008, 28 (1): 333-343. 10.1128\/MCB.01528-07.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1649_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msp067","volume":"26","author":"CR Bertossa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bertossa CR, Zande vd L, Beukeboom WL: The Fruitless gene in Nasonia displays complex sex-specific splicing and contains new zinc finger domains. Mol Biol Evol. 2009, 26 (7): 1557-1569. 10.1093\/molbev\/msp067.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"5978","key":"1649_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1185805","volume":"328","author":"CE Verhulst","year":"2010","unstructured":"Verhulst CE, Beukeboom WL, Zande vd L: Maternal control of haplodiploid sex determination in the wasp Nasonia. Science. 2010, 328 (5978): 620-623. 10.1126\/science.1185805.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"1649_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s12041-010-0040-z","volume":"89","author":"M Salvemini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Salvemini M, Polito LC, Saccone G: fruitless alternative splicing and sex behaviour in insects: an ancient and unforgettable love story?. Journal of Genetics. 2010, 89 (3): 287-299. 10.1007\/s12041-010-0040-z.","journal-title":"Journal of Genetics"},{"issue":"4","key":"1649_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(92)90320-J","volume":"228","author":"MR Stephens","year":"1992","unstructured":"Stephens MR, Schneider DT: Features of spliceosome evolution and function inferred from an analysis of the information at human splice sites. J Mol Biol. 1992, 228 (4): 1124-1136. 10.1016\/0022-2836(92)90320-J.","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"1649_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8211139","volume":"262","author":"CE Lawrence","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lawrence CE, Altschul SF, Boguski MS, Liu JS, Neuwald AF, et al: Detecting Subtle Sequence Signals: A Gibbs Sampling Strategy for Multiple Alignment. Science. 1993, 262: 208-214. 10.1126\/science.8211139.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"1649_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01572-06","volume":"27","author":"J Qi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Qi J, Su S, Mattox W: The doublesex splicing enhancer components Tra2 and Rbp1 also repress splicing through an intronic silencer. Mol Cell Biol. 2007, 27 (2): 699-708. 10.1128\/MCB.01572-06.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"16","key":"1649_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3987","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00070.x","volume":"14","author":"V Heinrichs","year":"1995","unstructured":"Heinrichs V, Baker SB: The Drosophila SR protein RBP1 contributes to the regulation of doublesex alternative splicing by recognizing RBP1 RNA target sequences. Embo J. 1995, 14 (16): 3987-4000.","journal-title":"Embo J"},{"issue":"3","key":"1649_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msj070","volume":"23","author":"AD Gailey","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gailey AD, Billeter CJ, Liu HJ, Bauzon F, Allendorfer BJ, et al: Functional conservation of the fruitless male sex-determination gene across 250 Myr of insect evolution. Mol Biol Evol. 2006, 23 (3): 633-643. 10.1093\/molbev\/msj070.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1649_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000222","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000222","volume":"7","author":"T Gempe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gempe T, Hasselmann M, Schiott M, Hause G, Otte M, et al: Sex determination in honeybees: two separate mechanisms induce and maintain the female pathway. PLoS Biol. 2009, 7 (10): e1000222-10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000222.","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1649_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1239","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001239","volume":"2","author":"FM Ruiz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ruiz FM, Milano A, Salvemini M, Eirin-Lopez MJ, Perondini LA, et al: The gene transformer of anastrepha fruit flies (Diptera, tephritidae) and its evolution in insects. PLoS ONE. 2007, 2 (11): e1239-10.1371\/journal.pone.0001239.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1649_CR58","volume-title":"Genetica","author":"G Saccone","year":"2010","unstructured":"Saccone G, Salvemini M, Polito LC: The transformer gene of Ceratitis capitata: a paradigm for a conserved epigenetic master regulator of sex determination in insects. Genetica. 2010,"},{"issue":"10","key":"1649_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4550","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000251107","volume":"107","author":"G Fu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fu G, Lees SR, Nimmo D, Aw D, Jin L, et al: Female-specific flightless phenotype for mosquito control. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010, 107 (10): 4550-4554. 10.1073\/pnas.1000251107.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"22","key":"1649_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673","volume":"22","author":"DJ Thompson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Thompson DJ, Higgins GD, Gibson JT: CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22 (22): 4673-4680. 10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"1649_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msm092","volume":"24","author":"K Tamura","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S: MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol. 2007, 24 (8): 1596-1599. 10.1093\/molbev\/msm092.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"14","key":"1649_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7085","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.14.7085","volume":"93","author":"B Efron","year":"1996","unstructured":"Efron B, Halloran E, Holmes S: Bootstrap confidence levels for phylogenetic trees. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996, 93 (14): 7085-7090. 10.1073\/pnas.93.14.7085.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"5","key":"1649_CR63","first-page":"418","volume":"3","author":"M Nei","year":"1986","unstructured":"Nei M, Gojobori T: Simple methods for estimating the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions. Mol Biol Evol. 1986, 3 (5): 418-426.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"}],"container-title":["BMC Evolutionary Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2148-11-41.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2148-11-41\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2148-11-41.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T06:55:44Z","timestamp":1630479344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2148-11-41"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,10]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1649"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2148-11-41","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 July 2010","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2011","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2011","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"41"}}