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In order to identify genes involved in male sex determination and differentiation in the platyfish<jats:italic>Xiphophorus maculatus<\/jats:italic>, bacterial artificial chromosome contigs from the sex-determining region differentiating the Y from the X chromosome have been assembled and analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A novel three-copy gene called<jats:italic>teximY<\/jats:italic>(for testis-expressed in<jats:italic>Xiphophorus maculatus<\/jats:italic>on the Y) was identified on the Y but not on the X chromosome. A highly related sequence called<jats:italic>texim1<\/jats:italic>, probably at the origin of the Y-linked genes, as well as three more divergent<jats:italic>texim<\/jats:italic>genes were detected in (pseudo)autosomal regions of the platyfish genome.<jats:italic>Texim<\/jats:italic>genes, for which no functional data are available so far in any organism, encode predicted esterases\/lipases with a SGNH hydrolase domain. Texim proteins are related to proteins from very different origins, including proteins encoded by animal CR1 retrotransposons, animal platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolases (PAFah) and bacterial hydrolases.<jats:italic>Texim<\/jats:italic>gene distribution is patchy in animals.<jats:italic>Texim<\/jats:italic>sequences were detected in several fish species including killifish, medaka, pufferfish, sea bass, cod and gar, but not in zebrafish.<jats:italic>Texim<\/jats:italic>-like genes are also present in<jats:italic>Oikopleura<\/jats:italic>(urochordate), Amphioxus (cephalochordate) and sea urchin (echinoderm) but absent from mammals and other tetrapods. Interestingly,<jats:italic>texim<\/jats:italic>genes are associated with a Helitron transposon in different fish species but not in urochordates, cephalochordates and echinoderms, suggesting capture and mobilization of an ancestral<jats:italic>texim<\/jats:italic>gene in the bony fish lineage. RT-qPCR analyses showed that Y-linked<jats:italic>teximY<\/jats:italic>genes are preferentially expressed in testis, with expression at late stages of spermatogenesis (late spermatids and spermatozeugmata).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These observations suggest either that TeximY proteins play a role in<jats:italic>Helitron<\/jats:italic>transposition in the male germ line in fish, or that<jats:italic>texim<\/jats:italic>genes are spermatogenesis genes mobilized and spread by transposable elements in fish genomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-15-44","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,8]],"date-time":"2014-04-08T16:07:23Z","timestamp":1396973243000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A multicopy Y-chromosomal SGNH hydrolase gene expressed in the testis of the platyfish has been captured and mobilized by a Helitron transposon"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Tomaszkiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domitille","family":"Chalopin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Schartl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Galiana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Nicolas","family":"Volff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"1233_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(02)00057-1","volume":"208","author":"RH Devlin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Devlin RH, Nagahama Y: Sex determination and sex differentiation in fish: an overview of genetic, physiological, and environmental influences. 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