{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T07:11:24Z","timestamp":1790233884967,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Genomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) caused by tsetse fly-transmitted protozoa of the genus<jats:italic>Trypanosoma<\/jats:italic>is a major constraint on livestock and agricultural production in Africa and is among the top ten global cattle diseases impacting on the poor. Here we show that a functional genomics approach can be used to identify temporal changes in host peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression due to disease progression. We also show that major gene expression differences exist between cattle from trypanotolerant and trypanosusceptible breeds. Using bovine long oligonucleotide microarrays and real time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) validation we analysed PBMC gene expression in na\u00efve trypanotolerant and trypanosusceptible cattle experimentally challenged with<jats:italic>Trypanosoma congolense<\/jats:italic>across a 34-day infection time course.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trypanotolerant N'Dama cattle displayed a rapid and distinct transcriptional response to infection, with a ten-fold higher number of genes differentially expressed at day 14 post-infection compared to trypanosusceptible Boran cattle. These analyses identified coordinated temporal gene expression changes for both breeds in response to trypanosome infection. In addition, a panel of genes were identified that showed pronounced differences in gene expression between the two breeds, which may underlie the phenomena of trypanotolerance and trypanosusceptibility. Gene ontology (GO) analysis demonstrate that the products of these genes may contribute to increased mitochondrial mRNA translational efficiency, a more pronounced B cell response, an elevated activation status and a heightened response to stress in trypanotolerant cattle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study has revealed an extensive and diverse range of cellular processes that are altered temporally in response to trypanosome infection in African cattle. Results indicate that the trypanotolerant N'Dama cattle respond more rapidly and with a greater magnitude to infection compared to the trypanosusceptible Boran cattle. Specifically, a subset of the genes analyzed by real time qRT-PCR, which display significant breed differences, could collectively contribute to the trypanotolerance trait in N'Dama.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-10-207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,21]],"date-time":"2009-05-21T21:09:41Z","timestamp":1242940181000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Transcriptional profiling of cattle infected with Trypanosoma congolense highlights gene expression signatures underlying trypanotolerance and trypanosusceptibility"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Grace M","family":"O'Gorman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen DE","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmeline W","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kieran G","family":"Meade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M","family":"Coussens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morris","family":"Agaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Naessens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E","family":"MacHugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2091_CR1","first-page":"27","volume":"72","author":"A Darji","year":"1992","unstructured":"Darji A, Lucas R, Magez S, Torreele E, Palacios J, Sileghem M, Bajyana Songa E, Hamers R, De Baetselier P: Mechanisms underlying trypanosome-elicited immunosuppression. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop. 1992, 72 (Suppl 1): 27-38.","journal-title":"Ann Soc Belg Med Trop"},{"issue":"4","key":"2091_CR2","first-page":"389","volume":"45","author":"M Murray","year":"1988","unstructured":"Murray M, Dexter TM: Anaemia in bovine African trypanosomiasis. A review. Acta Trop. 1988, 45 (4): 389-432.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"5","key":"2091_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2001.00669.x","volume":"6","author":"P Cattand","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cattand P, Jannin J, Lucas P: Sleeping sickness surveillance: an essential step towards elimination. Trop Med Int Health. 2001, 6 (5): 348-361.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2091_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.012","volume":"36","author":"J Naessens","year":"2006","unstructured":"Naessens J: Bovine trypanotolerance: A natural ability to prevent severe anaemia and haemophagocytic syndrome?. Int J Parasitol. 2006, 36 (5): 521-528.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2091_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(82)90146-5","volume":"29","author":"P Borst","year":"1982","unstructured":"Borst P, Cross GA: Molecular basis for trypanosome antigenic variation. Cell. 1982, 29 (2): 291-303.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"2091_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(02)00237-1","volume":"85","author":"JE Donelson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Donelson JE: Antigenic variation and the African trypanosome genome. Acta Trop. 2003, 85 (3): 391-404.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"11","key":"2091_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2005.08.016","volume":"21","author":"E Pays","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pays E: Regulation of antigen gene expression in Trypanosoma brucei. Trends Parasitol. 2005, 21 (11): 517-520.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"2091_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kristjanson PM, Swallow BM, Rowlands GJ, Kruska RL, de Leeuw PN: Measuring the costs of African trypanosomosis, the potential benefits of control and returns to research. Agric Syst. 1999, 79-98. 59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-521X(98)00086-9"},{"key":"2091_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60274-2","volume":"21","author":"M Murray","year":"1982","unstructured":"Murray M, Morrison WI, Whitelaw DD: Host susceptibility to African trypanosomiasis: trypanotolerance. Adv Parasitol. 1982, 21: 1-68.","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2091_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.9.2.506","volume":"9","author":"M Murray","year":"1990","unstructured":"Murray M, Trail JC, D'Ieteren GD: Trypanotolerance in cattle and prospects for the control of trypanosomiasis by selective breeding. Rev Sci Tech. 1990, 9 (2): 369-386.","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2091_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(02)00070-3","volume":"87","author":"J Naessens","year":"2002","unstructured":"Naessens J, Teale AJ, Sileghem M: Identification of mechanisms of natural resistance to African trypanosomiasis in cattle. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2002, 87 (3\u20134): 187-194.","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2091_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1991.tb00294.x","volume":"13","author":"RW Paling","year":"1991","unstructured":"Paling RW, Moloo SK, Scott JR, McOdimba FA, Logan-Henfrey LL, Murray M, Williams DJ: Susceptibility of N'Dama and Boran cattle to tsetse-transmitted primary and rechallenge infections with a homologous serodeme of Trypanosoma congolense. Parasite Immunol. 1991, 13 (4): 413-425.","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2091_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.02.004","volume":"105","author":"EW Hill","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hill EW, O'Gorman GM, Agaba M, Gibson JP, Hanotte O, Kemp SJ, Naessens J, Coussens PM, MacHugh DE: Understanding bovine trypanosomiasis and trypanotolerance: the promise of functional genomics. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2005, 105 (3\u20134): 247-258.","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2091_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00100.2006","volume":"28","author":"GM O'Gorman","year":"2006","unstructured":"O'Gorman GM, Park SD, Hill EW, Meade KG, Mitchell LC, Agaba M, Gibson JP, Hanotte O, Naessens J, Kemp SJ, et al: Cytokine mRNA profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from trypanotolerant and trypanosusceptible cattle infected with Trypanosoma congolense. Physiol Genomics. 2006, 28 (1): 53-61.","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"},{"key":"2091_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrett T, Troup DB, Wilhite SE, Ledoux P, Rudnev D, Evangelista C, Kim IF, Soboleva A, Tomashevsky M, Edgar R: NCBI GEO: mining tens of millions of expression profiles \u2013 database and tools update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2007, D760-765. 35 Database","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl887"},{"issue":"6","key":"2091_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.icb.7100094","volume":"85","author":"T Lang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lang T, Mansell A: The negative regulation of Toll-like receptor and associated pathways. Immunol Cell Biol. 2007, 85 (6): 425-434.","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2091_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2217\/17460913.2.4.425","volume":"2","author":"R Dey","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dey R, Khan S, Pahari S, Srivastava N, Jadhav M, Saha B: Functional paradox in host-pathogen interaction dictates the fate of parasites. Future Microbiol. 2007, 2: 425-437.","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"2091_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7443","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1232392100","volume":"100","author":"O Hanotte","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hanotte O, Ronin Y, Agaba M, Nilsson P, Gelhaus A, Horstmann R, Sugimoto Y, Kemp S, Gibson J, Korol A, et al: Mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling trypanotolerance in a cross of tolerant West African N'Dama and susceptible East African Boran cattle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003, 100 (13): 7443-7448.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2091_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(97)00343-0","volume":"199","author":"H Wang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wang H, Frelin L, Pevsner J: Human syntaxin 7: a Pep12p\/Vps6p homologue implicated in vesicle trafficking to lysosomes. Gene. 1997, 199 (1\u20132): 39-48.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"1","key":"2091_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.1.375","volume":"273","author":"SH Wong","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wong SH, Xu Y, Zhang T, Hong W: Syntaxin 7, a novel syntaxin member associated with the early endosomal compartment. J Biol Chem. 1998, 273 (1): 375-380.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"Pt 16","key":"2091_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3769","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.02503","volume":"118","author":"A Castle","year":"2005","unstructured":"Castle A, Castle D: Ubiquitously expressed secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs) 1\u20134 mark different pathways and exhibit limited constitutive trafficking to and from the cell surface. J Cell Sci. 2005, 118 (Pt 16): 3769-3780.","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"issue":"17","key":"2091_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12752","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.17.12752","volume":"275","author":"R Fernandez-Chacon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fernandez-Chacon R, Achiriloaie M, Janz R, Albanesi JP, Sudhof TC: SCAMP1 function in endocytosis. J Biol Chem. 2000, 275 (17): 12752-12756.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"17","key":"2091_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2006.07.020","volume":"16","author":"I Kouranti","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kouranti I, Sachse M, Arouche N, Goud B, Echard A: Rab35 regulates an endocytic recycling pathway essential for the terminal steps of cytokinesis. Curr Biol. 2006, 16 (17): 1719-1725.","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2091_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.4067\/S0034-98872006000900014","volume":"134","author":"SL Reyes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Reyes SL, Leon BF, Rozas VM, Gonzalez JP, Naves PR: BAFF: A regulatory cytokine of B lymphocytes involved in autoimmunity and lymphoid cancer. Rev Med Chil. 2006, 134 (9): 1175-1184.","journal-title":"Rev Med Chil"},{"issue":"5","key":"2091_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2006.06.001","volume":"18","author":"RT Woodland","year":"2006","unstructured":"Woodland RT, Schmidt MR, Thompson CB: BLyS and B cell homeostasis. Semin Immunol. 2006, 18 (5): 318-326.","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"2091_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.18.1.393","volume":"18","author":"DT Fearon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fearon DT, Carroll MC: Regulation of B lymphocyte responses to foreign and self-antigens by the CD19\/CD21 complex. Annu Rev Immunol. 2000, 18: 393-422.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2091_CR27","first-page":"195","volume":"245","author":"KG Smith","year":"2000","unstructured":"Smith KG, Fearon DT: Receptor modulators of B-cell receptor signalling \u2013 CD19\/CD22. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2000, 245 (1): 195-212.","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2091_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.06.011","volume":"25","author":"S Devadas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Devadas S, Das J, Liu C, Zhang L, Roberts AI, Pan Z, Moore PA, Das G, Shi Y: Granzyme B is critical for T cell receptor-induced cell death of type 2 helper T cells. Immunity. 2006, 25 (2): 237-247.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2091_CR29","volume-title":"Understanding immunology","author":"P Wood","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wood P: Understanding immunology. 2006, Harlow, England; New York: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2","edition":"2"},{"issue":"10","key":"2091_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.190.10.1505","volume":"190","author":"D Pende","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pende D, Parolini S, Pessino A, Sivori S, Augugliaro R, Morelli L, Marcenaro E, Accame L, Malaspina A, Biassoni R, et al: Identification and molecular characterization of NKp30, a novel triggering receptor involved in natural cytotoxicity mediated by human natural killer cells. J Exp Med. 1999, 190 (10): 1505-1516.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2091_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.19.1.197","volume":"19","author":"A Moretta","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moretta A, Bottino C, Vitale M, Pende D, Cantoni C, Mingari MC, Biassoni R, Moretta L: Activating receptors and coreceptors involved in human natural killer cell-mediated cytolysis. Annu Rev Immunol. 2001, 19: 197-223.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2091_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2006.11.002","volume":"9","author":"NF Delahaye","year":"2007","unstructured":"Delahaye NF, Barbier M, Fumoux F, Rihet P: Association analyses of NCR3 polymorphisms with P. falciparum mild malaria. Microbes Infect. 2007, 9 (2): 160-166.","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"38","key":"2091_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23830","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)31590-9","volume":"269","author":"M Hirst","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hirst M, Haliday E, Nakamura J, Lou L: Human GMP synthetase. Protein purification, cloning, and functional expression of cDNA. J Biol Chem. 1994, 269 (38): 23830-23837.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"18","key":"2091_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9687","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.18.9687","volume":"94","author":"K Diener","year":"1997","unstructured":"Diener K, Wang XS, Chen C, Meyer CF, Keesler G, Zukowski M, Tan TH, Yao Z: Activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway by a novel protein kinase related to human germinal center kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997, 94 (18): 9687-9692.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"24","key":"2091_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16802","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)89463-2","volume":"269","author":"P Katz","year":"1994","unstructured":"Katz P, Whalen G, Kehrl JH: Differential expression of a novel protein kinase in human B lymphocytes. Preferential localization in the germinal center. J Biol Chem. 1994, 269 (24): 16802-16809.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"31","key":"2091_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28913","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M103198200","volume":"276","author":"AR Ramjaun","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ramjaun AR, Angers A, Legendre-Guillemin V, Tong XK, McPherson PS: Endophilin regulates JNK activation through its interaction with the germinal center kinase-like kinase. J Biol Chem. 2001, 276 (31): 28913-28919.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"2091_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2005.01.003","volume":"1","author":"A Donovan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Donovan A, Lima CA, Pinkus JL, Pinkus GS, Zon LI, Robine S, Andrews NC: The iron exporter ferroportin\/Slc40a1 is essential for iron homeostasis. Cell Metab. 2005, 1 (3): 191-200.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2091_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2006.12.003","volume":"17","author":"LL Dunn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dunn LL, Rahmanto YS, Richardson DR: Iron uptake and metabolism in the new millennium. Trends Cell Biol. 2007, 17 (2): 93-100.","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2091_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2005.04.003","volume":"21","author":"HT Jacobs","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jacobs HT, Turnbull DM: Nuclear genes and mitochondrial translation: a new class of genetic disease. Trends Genet. 2005, 21 (6): 312-314.","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"2091_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2728(98)00161-3","volume":"1410","author":"JW Taanman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Taanman JW: The mitochondrial genome: structure, transcription, translation and replication. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999, 1410 (2): 103-123.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"13","key":"2091_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2933","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti473","volume":"21","author":"K Cartharius","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cartharius K, Frech K, Grote K, Klocke B, Haltmeier M, Klingenhoff A, Frisch M, Bayerlein M, Werner T: MatInspector and beyond: promoter analysis based on transcription factor binding sites. Bioinformatics. 2005, 21 (13): 2933-2942.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"23","key":"2091_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4878","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/23.23.4878","volume":"23","author":"K Quandt","year":"1995","unstructured":"Quandt K, Frech K, Karas H, Wingender E, Werner T: MatInd and MatInspector: new fast and versatile tools for detection of consensus matches in nucleotide sequence data. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995, 23 (23): 4878-4884.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2091_CR43","first-page":"12","volume":"30","author":"R Geigy","year":"1973","unstructured":"Geigy R, Kauffmann M: Sleeping sickness survey in the Serengeti area (Tanzania) 1971. I. Examination of large mammals for trypanosomes. Acta Trop. 1973, 30 (1): 12-23.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"2","key":"2091_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.43.2.735-738.1984","volume":"43","author":"VM Nantulya","year":"1984","unstructured":"Nantulya VM, Musoke AJ, Rurangirwa FR, Moloo SK: Resistance of cattle to tsetse-transmitted challenge with Trypanosoma brucei or Trypanosoma congolense after spontaneous recovery from syringe-passaged infections. Infect Immun. 1984, 43 (2): 735-738.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"13","key":"2091_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.110.13.295","volume":"110","author":"GW Akol","year":"1982","unstructured":"Akol GW, Murray M: Early events following challenge of cattle with tsetse infected with Trypanosoma congolense : development of the local skin reaction. Vet Rec. 1982, 110 (13): 295-302.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"3","key":"2091_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1987.tb00513.x","volume":"9","author":"RH Dwinger","year":"1987","unstructured":"Dwinger RH, Murray M, Moloo SK: Potential value of localized skin reactions (chancres) induced by Trypanosoma congolense transmitted by Glossina morsitans centralis for the analysis of metacyclic trypanosome populations. Parasite Immunol. 1987, 9 (3): 353-362.","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2091_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(84)80042-X","volume":"166","author":"AJ Ulmer","year":"1984","unstructured":"Ulmer AJ, Scholz W, Ernst M, Brandt E, Flad HD: Isolation and subfractionation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by density gradient centrifugation on Percoll. Immunobiology. 1984, 166 (3): 238-250.","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"2091_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(06)11008-3","volume":"411","author":"M Reimers","year":"2006","unstructured":"Reimers M, Carey VJ: Bioconductor: an open source framework for bioinformatics and computational biology. Methods Enzymol. 2006, 411: 119-134.","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"2091_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Article3","DOI":"10.2202\/1544-6115.1027","volume":"3","author":"GK Smyth","year":"2004","unstructured":"Smyth GK: Linear models and empirical bayes methods for assessing differential expression in microarray experiments. Stat Appl Genet Mol Biol. 2004, 3: Article3-","journal-title":"Stat Appl Genet Mol Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2091_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/4.2.249","volume":"4","author":"RA Irizarry","year":"2003","unstructured":"Irizarry RA, Hobbs B, Collin F, Beazer-Barclay YD, Antonellis KJ, Scherf U, Speed TP: Exploration, normalization, and summaries of high density oligonucleotide array probe level data. Biostatistics. 2003, 4 (2): 249-264.","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2091_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/30.4.e15","volume":"30","author":"YH Yang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yang YH, Dudoit S, Luu P, Lin DM, Peng V, Ngai J, Speed TP: Normalization for cDNA microarray data: a robust composite method addressing single and multiple slide systematic variation. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002, 30 (4): e15-","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2091_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","volume":"57","author":"Y Benjamini","year":"1995","unstructured":"Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y: Controlling the false discovery rate \u2013 a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol. 1995, 57 (1): 289-300.","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2091_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl567","volume":"23","author":"S Falcon","year":"2007","unstructured":"Falcon S, Gentleman R: Using GOstats to test gene lists for GO term association. Bioinformatics. 2007, 23 (2): 257-258.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"7","key":"2091_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"RESEARCH0034","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2002-3-7-research0034","volume":"3","author":"J Vandesompele","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vandesompele J, De Preter K, Pattyn F, Poppe B, Van Roy N, De Paepe A, Speleman F: Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes. Genome Biol. 2002, 3 (7): RESEARCH0034-","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2091_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 2001, 25 (4): 402-408.","journal-title":"Methods"}],"container-title":["BMC Genomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2164-10-207.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,9]],"date-time":"2025-02-09T16:48:46Z","timestamp":1739119726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2164-10-207"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2091"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2164-10-207","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2164"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2164","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 August 2008","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 May 2009","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 May 2009","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"207"}}