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However, <jats:italic>B. pahangi<\/jats:italic> microfilariae are able to develop in and be transmitted by the mosquito, <jats:italic>Armigeres subalbatus<\/jats:italic>, whereas most <jats:italic>B. malayi<\/jats:italic> are rapidly melanized and destroyed within the mosquito hemocoel. A cross-species microarray analysis employing the <jats:italic>B. malayi<\/jats:italic> V2 array was carried out to determine the transcriptional differences between <jats:italic>B. malayi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. pahangi<\/jats:italic> microfilariae with similar age distribution.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Following microarray data analysis, a list of preferentially expressed genes in both microfilariae species was generated with a false discovery rate estimate of 5% and a signal intensity ratio of 2 or higher in either species. A total of 308 probes were preferentially expressed in both species with 149 probes, representing 123 genes, in <jats:italic>B. pahangi<\/jats:italic> microfilariae and 159 probes, representing 107 genes, in <jats:italic>B. malayi<\/jats:italic> microfilariae. In <jats:italic>B. pahangi<\/jats:italic>, there were 76 (62%) up-regulated transcripts that coded for known proteins that mapped into the KEGG pathway compared to 61 (57%) transcripts in <jats:italic>B. malayi<\/jats:italic> microfilariae. The remaining 47 (38%) transcripts in <jats:italic>B. pahangi<\/jats:italic> and 46 (43%) transcripts in <jats:italic>B. malayi<\/jats:italic> microfilariae were comprised almost entirely of hypothetical genes of unknown function. Twenty-seven of the transcripts in <jats:italic>B. pahangi<\/jats:italic> microfilariae coded for proteins that associate with the secretory pathway compared to thirty-nine in <jats:italic>B. malayi<\/jats:italic> microfilariae. The data obtained from real-time PCR analysis of ten genes selected from the microarray list of preferentially expressed genes showed good concordance with the microarray data, indicating that the microarray data were reproducible.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In this study, we identified gene transcripts that were preferentially expressed in the microfilariae of <jats:italic>B. pahangi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. malayi<\/jats:italic>, some of which coded for known immunomodulatory proteins. These comparative transcriptome data will be of interest to researchers keen on understanding the inherent differences, at the molecular level, between <jats:italic>B. malayi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. pahangi<\/jats:italic> microfilariae especially because these microfilariae are capable of surviving in the same vertebrate host but elicit different immune response outcomes in the mosquito, <jats:italic>Ar. subalbatus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-11-225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,7]],"date-time":"2010-04-07T06:28:48Z","timestamp":1270621728000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Differential transcript expression between the microfilariae of the filarial nematodes, Brugia malayi and B. pahangi"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Michael M","family":"Kariuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonard B","family":"Hearne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brenda T","family":"Beerntsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2819_CR1","first-page":"5","volume":"127","author":"JW Mak","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mak JW: Epidemiology of lymphatic filariasis. 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