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An enhancer located at the 3'end of the last<jats:italic>TRBC<\/jats:italic>and a well-defined promoter situated at the 5'end of the<jats:italic>TRBD<\/jats:italic>gene and\/or a undefined promoter situated at the 5'end of the<jats:italic>TRBD2<\/jats:italic>are sufficient to generate the full recombinase accessibility at the locus. In ruminant species, the 3'end of the<jats:italic>TRB<\/jats:italic>locus is characterized by the presence of three D-J-C clusters, each constituted by a single<jats:italic>TRBD<\/jats:italic>, 5-7<jats:italic>TRBJ<\/jats:italic>and one<jats:italic>TRBC<\/jats:italic>genes with the center cluster showing a structure combined with the clusters upstream and downstream, suggesting that a unequal crossover occurred in the duplication. An enhancer downstream the last<jats:italic>TRBC<\/jats:italic>, and a promoter at the 5'-end of each<jats:italic>TRBD<\/jats:italic>gene are also present.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this paper we focused our attention on the analysis of a large number of sheep TR \u03b2-chain transcripts derived from four different lymphoid tissues of three diverse sheep breed animals to certify the use and frequency of the three gene clusters in the \u03b2-chain repertoire. As the sheep<jats:italic>TRB<\/jats:italic>locus genomic organization is known, the exact interpretation of the V-D-J rearrangements was fully determined. Our results clearly demonstrate that sheep \u03b2-chain constitutes a level of variability that is substantially larger than that described in other mammalian species. This is due not only to the increase of the number of D and J genes available to the somatic recombination, but also to the presence of the trans-rearrangement process. Moreover, the functional complexity of \u03b2-chain repertoire is resolved by other mechanisms such as alternative cis- and trans-splicing and recombinational diversification that seems to affect the variety of the constant region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>All together our data demonstrate that a disparate set of molecular mechanisms operate to perform a diversified repertoire in the sheep \u03b2-chain and this could confer some special biological properties to the corresponding \u03b1\u03b2 T cells in the ruminant lineage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-11-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]],"date-time":"2010-01-05T07:16:00Z","timestamp":1262675760000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Extensive analysis of D-J-C arrangements allows the identification of different mechanisms enhancing the diversity in sheep T cell receptor \u03b2-chain repertoire"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Di Tommaso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachele","family":"Antonacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvatrice","family":"Ciccarese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serafina","family":"Massari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2597_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00039-X","volume":"116","author":"D Jung","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jung D, Alt FW: Unraveling V(D)J recombination; insights into gene regulation. 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