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These transpositions are lineage-dependent. The purpose of this study is to investigate the lineage-specific Y-chromosome genes in bovid.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We took a direct testis cDNA selection strategy and discovered two novel gene families, <jats:italic>ZNF280BY<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ZNF280AY<\/jats:italic>, on the bovine (<jats:italic>Bos taurus<\/jats:italic>) Y-chromosome (BTAY), which originated from the transposition of a gene block on the bovine chromosome 17 (BTA17) and subsequently amplified. Approximately 130 active <jats:italic>ZNF280BY<\/jats:italic> loci (and ~240 pseudogenes) and ~130 pseudogenized <jats:italic>ZNF280AY<\/jats:italic> copies are present over the majority of the male-specific region (MSY). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that both gene families fit with the \"birth-and-death\" model of evolution. The active <jats:italic>ZNF280BY<\/jats:italic> loci share high sequence similarity and comprise three major genomic structures, resulted from insertions\/deletions (indels). Assembly of a 1.2 Mb BTAY sequence in the MSY ampliconic region demonstrated that <jats:italic>ZNF280BY<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ZNF280AY<\/jats:italic>, together with <jats:italic>HSFY<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>TSPY<\/jats:italic> families, constitute the major elements within the repeat units. The <jats:italic>ZNF280BY<\/jats:italic> gene family was found to express in different developmental stages of testis with sense RNA detected in all cell types of the seminiferous tubules while the antisense RNA detected only in the spermatids. Deep sequencing of the selected cDNAs revealed that different loci of <jats:italic>ZNF280BY<\/jats:italic> were differentially expressed up to 60-fold. Interestingly, different copies of the <jats:italic>ZNF280AY<\/jats:italic> pseudogenes were also found to differentially express up to 10-fold. However, expression level of the <jats:italic>ZNF280AY<\/jats:italic> pseudogenes was almost 6-fold lower than that of the <jats:italic>ZNF280BY<\/jats:italic> genes. <jats:italic>ZNF280BY<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ZNF280AY<\/jats:italic> gene families are present in bovid, but absent in other mammalian lineages.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>ZNF280BY<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ZNF280AY<\/jats:italic> are lineage-specific, multi-copy Y-gene families specific to <jats:italic>Bovidae<\/jats:italic>, and are derived from the transposition of an autosomal gene block. The temporal and spatial expression patterns of <jats:italic>ZNF280BY<\/jats:italic> s in testis suggest a role in spermatogenesis. This study offers insights into the genomic organization of the bovine MSY and gene regulation in spermatogenesis, and provides a model for studying evolution of multi-copy gene families in mammals.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,8]],"date-time":"2011-01-08T07:13:57Z","timestamp":1294470837000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["ZNF280BY and ZNF280AY: autosome derived Y-chromosome gene families in Bovidae"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ti-Cheng","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Yasue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arvind K","family":"Bharti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernest F","family":"Retzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan-Sheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"3152_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.7101908","volume":"18","author":"F Veyrunes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Veyrunes F, Waters PD, Miethke P, Rens W, McMillan D, Alsop AE, Gr\u00fctzner F, Deakin JE, Whittington CM, Schatzkamer K, et al: Bird-like sex chromosomes of platypus imply recent origin of mammal sex chromosomes. 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