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Therefore, understanding the interaction between virulence of the bacteria and the host cell is important to control brucellosis. Previously, we generated internalization defective mutants and analyzed the envelope proteins. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the changes in early transcriptional responses between wild type and internalization defective mutants infected mouse macrophage, RAW 264.7.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Both of the wild type and mutant infected macrophages showed increased expression levels in proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, apoptosis and G-protein coupled receptors (<jats:italic>Gpr84<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Gpr109a<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Adora2b<\/jats:italic>) while the genes related with small GTPase which mediate intracellular trafficking was decreased. Moreover, cytohesin 1 interacting protein (<jats:italic>Cytip<\/jats:italic>) and genes related to ubiquitination (<jats:italic>Arrdc3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Fbxo21<\/jats:italic>) were down-regulated, suggesting the survival strategy of this bacterium. However, we could not detect any significant changes in the mutant infected groups compared to the wild type infected group.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In summary, it was very difficult to clarify the alterations in host cellular transcription in response to infection with internalization defective mutants. However, we found several novel gene changes related to the GPCR system, ubiquitin-proteosome system, and growth arrest and DNA damages in response to <jats:italic>B. abortus<\/jats:italic> infection. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying host-pathogen interactions and need to be studied further.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-14-426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,27]],"date-time":"2013-06-27T06:14:17Z","timestamp":1372313657000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Early transcriptional responses of internalization defective Brucella abortus mutants in professional phagocytes, RAW 264.7"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Seung Bin","family":"Cha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won Jung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Kyoung","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myung Hwan","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Won","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An Na","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Wan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han Sang","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5171_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(00)00165-X","volume":"4","author":"ML Boschiroli","year":"2001","unstructured":"Boschiroli ML, Foulongne V, O'Callaghan D: Brucellosis: a worldwide zoonosis. 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