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The mechanism of action of azoles has been elucidated in some fungi, although little is known regarding its mechanism of action in\n                      <jats:italic>Paracoccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. The present work focused on identification of regulated transcripts using representational difference analysis of\n                      <jats:italic>Paracoccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. yeast cells treated with itraconazole for 1 and 2\u00a0h.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Paracoccidioides Pb<\/jats:italic>\n                      01 genes up-regulated by itraconazole included genes involved in cellular transport, metabolism\/energy, transcription, cell rescue, defense and virulence.\n                      <jats:italic>ERG<\/jats:italic>\n                      11,\n                      <jats:italic>ERG<\/jats:italic>\n                      6,\n                      <jats:italic>ERG<\/jats:italic>\n                      3,\n                      <jats:italic>ERG<\/jats:italic>\n                      5 and\n                      <jats:italic>ERG<\/jats:italic>\n                      25 were up-regulated at multiple time points.\n                      <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection experiments in mice corroborated the\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      results. Ergosterol levels and distribution were evaluated in\n                      <jats:italic>Paracoccidioides Pb<\/jats:italic>\n                      18 yeast cells, and the results demonstrate that both factors were changed in the fungus treated with itraconazole.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To our knowledge, this is the first transcriptional analysis of\n                      <jats:italic>Paracoccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. exposed to a triazole drug. Here acetyl seems to be intensively produced from different metabolic pathways to produce ergosterol by the action of ergosterol synthesis related enzymes, which were also affected in other fungi. Among the genes affected, we identified genes in common with other fungi, as well as genes unique to\n                      <jats:italic>Paracoccidioides Pb<\/jats:italic>\n                      01. Those genes could be considered target to new drugs. Voltage-gated Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      alpha subunit (\n                      <jats:italic>CAV<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), Tetracycline resistance protein (\n                      <jats:italic>TETA<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and Hemolisyn-iii channel protein (\n                      <jats:italic>HLYiii<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) were found only here and a probably involvement with resistence to itraconazole could be investigated in the future. However our findings do not permit inference to current clinical practice.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T15:01:46Z","timestamp":1396364506000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Transcriptional profile of Paracoccidioides spp. in response to itraconazole"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Benedito Rodrigues","family":"da Silva Neto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia Fernanda Zambuzzi","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre Melo","family":"Bail\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wellington Santos","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lia Maria","family":"de Almeida Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maristela","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"5917_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.25.1.5-9.1987","volume":"25","author":"M Franco","year":"1987","unstructured":"Franco M: Host\u2013parasite relationship in paracoccidioidomycosis. 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