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In mammals, the number of primordial follicles far exceeds the numbers that ever ovulate and atresia or regression of follicles is a mechanism to regulate the number of oocytes ovulated and to contribute to the timing of ovulation. To better understand the molecular basis of follicular atresia, we undertook transcriptome profiling of granulosa cells from healthy (n = 10) and atretic (n = 5) bovine follicles at early antral stages (&lt; 5 mm).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and hierarchical classification of the signal intensity plots for the arrays showed primary clustering into two groups, healthy and atretic. These analyses and size-frequency plots of coefficients of variation of signal intensities revealed that the healthy follicles were more heterogeneous. Examining the differentially-expressed genes the most significantly affected functions in atretic follicles were cell death, organ development, tissue development and embryonic development. The overall processes influenced by transcription factor gene\n                      <jats:italic>TP53<\/jats:italic>\n                      were predicted to be activated, whereas those of\n                      <jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic>\n                      were inhibited on the basis of known interactions with the genes in our dataset. The top ranked canonical pathway contained signalling molecules common to various inflammatory\/fibrotic pathways such as the transforming growth factor-\u03b2 and tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 pathways. The two most significant networks also reflect this pattern of tissue remodelling\/fibrosis gene expression. These networks also contain molecules which are present in the canonical pathways of hepatic fibrosis\/hepatic stellate cell activation and transforming growth factor-\u03b2 signalling and were up regulated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Small healthy antral follicles, which have a number of growth outcomes, exhibit greater variability in gene expression, particularly in genes associated with cell division and other growth-related functions. Atresia, on the other hand, not only involves cell death but clearly is an active process similar to wound healing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-40","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,18]],"date-time":"2014-01-18T05:01:16Z","timestamp":1390021276000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Transcriptome profiling of granulosa cells from bovine ovarian follicles during atresia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Hatzirodos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Hummitzsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen F","family":"Irving-Rodgers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret L","family":"Harland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie E","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond J","family":"Rodgers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"5666_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod55.5.1003","volume":"55","author":"IL van Wezel","year":"1996","unstructured":"van Wezel IL, Rodgers RJ: Morphological characterization of bovine primordial follicles and their environment in vivo. 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