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To further understand the genome diversity and virulence evolution of <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>, comparative genomic hybridization microarray analysis was employed to compare the gene content of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> K-12 with those of 43 <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> strains from all lineages.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>For the 43 strains subjected to CGH microarray analyses, the common backbone of the <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> genome was estimated to contain more than 1,900 open reading frames (ORFs), with a mean number of 726 undetectable ORFs. The mosaic distribution of absent regions indicated that insertions and\/or deletions have led to the highly diversified genomes of pathogenic strains.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These results support the hypothesis that by gain and loss of functions, <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> species became successful human pathogens through convergent evolution from diverse genomic backgrounds. Moreover, we also found many specific differences between different lineages, providing a window into understanding bacterial speciation and taxonomic relationships.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-7-218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,14]],"date-time":"2006-09-14T18:22:21Z","timestamp":1158258141000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The use of comparative genomic hybridization to characterize genome dynamics and diversity among the serotypes of Shigella"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Junping","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Bin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Candong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meisheng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"601_CR1","first-page":"651","volume":"77","author":"KL Kotloff","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kotloff KL, Winickoff JP, Ivanoff B, Clemens JD, Swerdlow DL, Sansonetti PJ, Adak GK, Levine MM: Global burden of Shigella infections: implications for vaccine development and implementation of control strategies. 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