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Our predicted IS maps are consistent with the NCBI annotations of the IS elements. By linking the predicted IS elements to various characteristics of the organisms under study and the organism's living conditions, we found that (a) the activities of IS elements heavily depend on the environments where the host organisms live; (b) the number of recently active IS elements in a genome tends to increase with the genome size; (c) the flanking regions of the recently active IS elements are significantly enriched with genes encoding DNA binding factors, transporters and enzymes; and (d) IS movements show no tendency to disrupt operonic structures.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This is the first genome-scale maps of IS elements with detailed structural information on the sequence level. These genetic maps of recently active IS elements and the several interesting observations would help to improve our understanding of how IS elements proliferate and how they are involved in the evolution of the host genomes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-36","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,25]],"date-time":"2008-01-25T19:16:17Z","timestamp":1201288577000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Insertion Sequences show diverse recent activities in Cyanobacteria and Archaea"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Fengfeng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Olman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"1230_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5016","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.16.5016","volume":"79","author":"MS Ciampi","year":"1982","unstructured":"Ciampi MS, Schmid MB, Roth JR: Transposon Tn10 provides a promoter for transcription of adjacent sequences. 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