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The purpose of this study was to examine the role of genomic islands (GIs) as sources of genomic diversity in this species.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We found that genomic islands (GIs) vary greatly among <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> strains. We identified 71 distinct GIs from the genome sequences of five reference strains of <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>: K96243, 1710b, 1106a, MSHR668, and MSHR305. The genomic positions of these GIs are not random, as many of them are associated with tRNA gene loci. In particular, the 3' end sequences of tRNA genes are predicted to be involved in the integration of GIs. We propose the term \"tRNA-mediated site-specific recombination\" (tRNA-SSR) for this mechanism. In addition, we provide a GI nomenclature that is based upon integration hotspots identified here or previously described.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our data suggest that acquisition of GIs is one of the major sources of genomic diversity within <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> and the molecular mechanisms that facilitate horizontally-acquired GIs are common across multiple strains of <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>. The differential presence of the 71 GIs across multiple strains demonstrates the importance of these mobile elements for shaping the genetic composition of individual strains and populations within this bacterial species.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,27]],"date-time":"2008-11-27T19:13:59Z","timestamp":1227813239000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Genomic islands from five strains of Burkholderia pseudomallei"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Apichai","family":"Tuanyok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin R","family":"Leadem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond K","family":"Auerbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen M","family":"Beckstrom-Sternberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S","family":"Beckstrom-Sternberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Mayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanaporn","family":"Wuthiekanun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas S","family":"Brettin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William C","family":"Nierman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon J","family":"Peacock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart J","family":"Currie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Keim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9370","key":"1759_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13374-0","volume":"361","author":"NJ White","year":"2003","unstructured":"White NJ: Melioidosis. 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