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It is not clear whether Com1 and HspB have the ability to mount immune responses against <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The recombinant proteins Com1 and HspB were applied to pulse human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (HMDCs), and the pulsed HMDCs were used to stimulate isogenic T cells. Com1-pulsed HMDCs expressed substantially higher levels of surface molecules (CD83, CD40, CD80, CD86, CD54, and CD58) and a higher level of interleukin-12 than HspB-pulsed HMDCs. Moreover, Com1-pulsed HMDCs induced high-level proliferation and activation of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells, which expressed high levels of T-cell activation marker CD69 and inflammatory cytokines IFN-\u03b3 and TNF-\u03b1. In contrast, HspB-pulsed HMDCs were unable to induce efficient T-cell proliferation and activation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our results demonstrate that Com1-pulsed HMDCs are able to induce efficient T-cell proliferation and drive T cells toward Th1 and Tc1 polarization; however, HspB-pulsed HMDCs are unable to do so. Unlike HspB, Com1 is a protective antigen, which was demonstrated by the adoptive transfer of Com1-pulsed bone marrow dendritic cells into naive BALB\/c mice.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-12-52","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,3]],"date-time":"2011-09-03T06:30:13Z","timestamp":1315031413000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Efficient activation of T cells by human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (HMDCs) pulsed with Coxiella burnetii outer membrane protein Com1 but not by HspB-pulsed HMDCs"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolu","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xile","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bohai","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"399_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/32588","volume":"392","author":"J Banchereau","year":"1998","unstructured":"Banchereau J, Steinman R: Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. 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