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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of small intestinal ECM proteins, fibronectin (FN) and tissue transglutaminase 2 (TG-2), on human DCs by including these proteins in DC cultures.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>The study used flow cytometry and scanning electron microscopy to determine the effect of FN and TG-2 on phenotype, endocytic ability and and morphology of DCs. Furthermore, DCs treated with FN and TG-2 were cultured with T cells and subsequent T cell proliferation and cytokine profile was determined.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>The data indicate that transglutaminase affected DCs in a concentration-dependent manner. High concentrations were associated with a more mature phenotype and increased ability to stimulate T cells, while lower concentrations led to maintenance of an immature phenotype.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>These data provide support for an additional role for transglutaminase in coeliac disease and demonstrate the potential of <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> modelling of coeliac disease pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-13-20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,16]],"date-time":"2012-04-16T12:14:13Z","timestamp":1334578453000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Tissue transglutaminase treatment leads to concentration-dependent changes in dendritic cell phenotype - implications for the role of transglutaminase in coeliac disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"William J","family":"Dalleywater","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David YS","family":"Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir M","family":"Ghaemmaghami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"432_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010123","volume":"5","author":"S Garc\u00eda-Nieto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Nieto S, Johal RK, Shakesheff KM, Emara M, Royer PJ, Chau DY, Shakib F, Ghaemmaghami AM: Laminin and fibronectin treatment leads to generation of dendritic cells with superior endocytic capacity. 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