{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T01:37:24Z","timestamp":1777426644969,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>In holoendemic <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> transmission areas such as western Kenya, severe malarial anemia [SMA, hemoglobin (Hb)\u2009&lt;\u20096.0\u2009g\/dL, with any density parasitemia] is the most common clinical manifestation of severe malaria resulting in high rates of pediatric morbidity and mortality in these regions. Previous studies associated interleukin (IL)-13 with pathogenesis of different infectious diseases, including <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria. However, the functional roles of polymorphic variants within the IL-13 promoter in conditioning susceptibility to SMA remain largely unexplored. As such, the association between the IL-13 variants -7402\u2009T\/G (rs7719175) and -4729G\/A (rs3091307) and susceptibility to SMA was determined in children (n\u2009=\u2009387) presenting with clinical symptoms of falciparum malaria and resident in a holoendemic transmission region in western Kenya. Our results indicated no difference in the proportions of individual genotypes among children presenting with non-SMA (n\u2009=\u2009222) versus SMA (n\u2009=\u2009165). Similarly, there was no associations between the individual genotypes (-7402\u2009T\/G and -4729G\/A) and SMA. Additional analyses, however, revealed that proportions of individuals with -7402\u2009T\/-4729A (TA) haplotype was significantly higher in children presenting with SMA than non-SMA group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.043). A further multivariate logistic regression analyses, controlling for confounding factors, demonstrated that carriage of the TA haplotype was associated with increased susceptibility to SMA (OR; 1.564, 95% CI; 1.023-2.389, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.039). In addition, circulating levels of IL-13 were comparable between the clinical groups as well as across genotypes and haplotypes. Collectively, findings presented here suggest that haplotypes within the IL-13 promoter at -7402\u2009T\/G and -4729G\/A may modulate SMA pathogenesis, but do not affect circulating IL-13 levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-14-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,25]],"date-time":"2013-03-25T07:15:00Z","timestamp":1364195700000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Interleukin (IL)-13 promoter polymorphisms (-7402\u2009T\/G and -4729G\/A) condition susceptibility to pediatric severe malarial anemia but not circulating IL-13 levels"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Winnie A","family":"Okeyo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elly O","family":"Munde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilson","family":"Okumu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evans","family":"Raballah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel B","family":"Anyona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John M","family":"Vulule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John M","family":"Ong\u2019echa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas J","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Collins","family":"Ouma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"517_CR1","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2010","author":"WHO","year":"2010","unstructured":"WHO: World Malaria Report 2010. 2010, Geneva: World Health Organization"},{"key":"517_CR2","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2011","author":"WHO","year":"2011","unstructured":"WHO: World Malaria Report 2011. 2011, Geneva: World Health Organization"},{"key":"517_CR3","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2008","author":"WHO","year":"2008","unstructured":"WHO: World Malaria Report 2008. 2008, Geneva: World Health Organization"},{"key":"517_CR4","volume-title":"The World health report 2000","author":"WHO","year":"2000","unstructured":"WHO: The World health report 2000. 2000, Geneva: World Health Organization"},{"issue":"4","key":"517_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.641","volume":"60","author":"PB Bloland","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bloland PB, Boriga DA, Ruebush TK, McCormick JB, Roberts JM, Oloo AJ, Hawley W, Lal A, Nahlen B, Campbell CC: Longitudinal cohort study of the epidemiology of malaria infections in an area of intense malaria transmission II, Descriptive epidemiology of malaria infection and disease among children. AmJTrop Med Hyg. 1999, 60 (4): 641-648.","journal-title":"AmJTrop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"517_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.77.6.suppl.23","volume":"77","author":"CO Obonyo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Obonyo CO, Vulule J, Akhwale WS, Grobbee DE: In-hospital morbidity and mortality due to severe malarial anemia in western Kenya. AmJTrop Med Hyg. 2007, 77 (6 Suppl): 23-28.","journal-title":"AmJTrop Med Hyg"},{"key":"517_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-4-1","volume":"4","author":"A Dzeing-Ella","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dzeing-Ella A, Nze Obiang PC, Tchoua R, Planche T, Mboza B, Mbounja M, Muller-Roemer U, Jarvis J, Kendjo E, Ngou-Milama E: Severe falciparum malaria in Gabonese children: clinical and laboratory features. Malar J. 2005, 4: 1-10.1186\/1475-2875-4-1.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"2","key":"517_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.167","volume":"71","author":"FP Mockenhaupt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mockenhaupt FP, Ehrhardt S, Burkhardt J, Bosomtwe SY, Laryea S, Anemana SD, Otchwemah RN, Cramer JP, Dietz E, Gellert S: Manifestation and outcome of severe malaria in children in northern Ghana. AmJTrop Med Hyg. 2004, 71 (2): 167-172.","journal-title":"AmJTrop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"517_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.376","volume":"74","author":"JM Ong\u2019echa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ong\u2019echa JM, Keller CC, Were T, Ouma C, Otieno RO, Landis-Lewis Z, Ochiel D, Slingluff JL, Mogere S, Ogonji GA: Parasitemia, anemia, and malarial anemia in infants and young children in a rural holoendemic Plasmodium falciparum transmission area. AmJTrop Med Hyg. 2006, 74 (3): 376-385.","journal-title":"AmJTrop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"517_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(99)90024-X","volume":"93","author":"J Berkley","year":"1999","unstructured":"Berkley J, Mwarumba S, Bramham K, Lowe B, Marsh K: Bacteraemia complicating severe malaria in children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1999, 93 (3): 283-286. 10.1016\/S0035-9203(99)90024-X.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"5","key":"517_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-008-0578-5","volume":"124","author":"C Ouma","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ouma C, Davenport GC, Were T, Otieno MF, Hittner JB, Vulule JM, Martinson J, Ong\u2019echa JM, Ferrell RE, Perkins DJ: Haplotypes of IL-10 promoter variants are associated with susceptibility to severe malarial anemia and functional changes in IL-10 production. Hum Genet. 2008, 124 (5): 515-524. 10.1007\/s00439-008-0578-5.","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"517_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.573","volume":"74","author":"C Ouma","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ouma C, Keller CC, Opondo DA, Were T, Otieno RO, Otieno MF, Orago AS, Ong\u2019Echa JM, Vulule JM, Ferrell RE: Association of FCgamma receptor IIA (CD32) polymorphism with malarial anemia and high-density parasitemia in infants and young children. AmJTrop Med Hyg. 2006, 74 (4): 573-577.","journal-title":"AmJTrop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"7","key":"517_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1047","volume":"64","author":"J Preuss","year":"2012","unstructured":"Preuss J, Jortzik E, Becker K: Glucose-6-phosphate metabolism in Plasmodium falciparum. IUBMB Life. 2012, 64 (7): 603-611. 10.1002\/iub.1047.","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"issue":"5","key":"517_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2000.62.590","volume":"62","author":"E Villamor","year":"2000","unstructured":"Villamor E, Mbise R, Spiegelman D, Ndossi G, Fawzi WW: Vitamin A supplementation and other predictors of anemia among children from Dar Es Salaam. Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000, 62 (5): 590-597.","journal-title":"Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"4","key":"517_CR15","first-page":"450","volume":"48","author":"DP Kwiatkowski","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kwiatkowski DP, Luoni G: Host genetic factors in resistance and susceptibility to malaria. Parassitologia. 2006, 48 (4): 450-467.","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"517_CR16","first-page":"138","volume":"68","author":"RK Maheshwari","year":"1990","unstructured":"Maheshwari RK: The role of cytokines in malaria infection. Bull World Health Organ. 1990, 68 (Suppl): 138-144.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"11","key":"517_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4674","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05161-11","volume":"79","author":"JM Ong\u2019echa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ong\u2019echa JM, Davenport GC, Vulule JM, Hittner JB, Perkins DJ: Identification of inflammatory biomarkers for pediatric malarial anemia severity using novel statistical methods. Infect Immun. 2011, 79 (11): 4674-4680. 10.1128\/IAI.05161-11.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"36","key":"517_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24289","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.007286","volume":"284","author":"T Ito","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ito T, Suzuki S, Kanaji S, Shiraishi H, Ohta S, Arima K, Tanaka G, Tamada T, Honjo E, Garcia KC: Distinct structural requirements for interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 binding to the shared IL-13 receptor facilitate cellular tuning of cytokine responsiveness. J Biol Chem. 2009, 284 (36): 24289-24296. 10.1074\/jbc.M109.007286.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"11","key":"517_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20080452","volume":"205","author":"IS Junttila","year":"2008","unstructured":"Junttila IS, Mizukami K, Dickensheets H, Meier-Schellersheim M, Yamane H, Donnelly RP, Paul WE: Tuning sensitivity to IL-4 and IL-13: differential expression of IL-4Ralpha, IL-13Ralpha1, and gammac regulates relative cytokine sensitivity. J Exp Med. 2008, 205 (11): 2595-2608. 10.1084\/jem.20080452.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"517_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141142","volume":"21","author":"TA Wynn","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wynn TA: IL-13 effector functions. Annu Rev Immunol. 2003, 21: 425-456. 10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141142.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"517_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-1878(200007)22:7<646::AID-BIES7>3.0.CO;2-9","volume":"22","author":"F Brombacher","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brombacher F: The role of interleukin-13 in infectious diseases and allergy. Bioessays. 2000, 22 (7): 646-656. 10.1002\/1521-1878(200007)22:7<646::AID-BIES7>3.0.CO;2-9.","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"issue":"1","key":"517_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.R-07-150","volume":"57","author":"C Kiyohara","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kiyohara C, Tanaka K, Miyake Y: Genetic susceptibility to atopic dermatitis. Allergol Int. 2008, 57 (1): 39-56. 10.2332\/allergolint.R-07-150.","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"517_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05581-11","volume":"80","author":"T Seki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Seki T, Kumagai T, Kwansa-Bentum B, Furushima-Shimogawara R, Anyan WK, Miyazawa Y, Iwakura Y, Ohta N: Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 suppress excessive neutrophil infiltration and hepatocyte damage during acute murine schistosomiasis japonica. Infect Immun. 2012, 80 (1): 159-168. 10.1128\/IAI.05581-11.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"4","key":"517_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6363960","volume":"4","author":"L Flori","year":"2003","unstructured":"Flori L, Kumulungui B, Aucan C, Esnault C, Traore AS, Fumoux F, Rihet P: Linkage and association between Plasmodium falciparum blood infection levels and chromosome 5q31-q33. Genes Immun. 2003, 4 (4): 265-268. 10.1038\/sj.gene.6363960.","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"517_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2010.43","volume":"12","author":"A Isnard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Isnard A, Kouriba B, Doumbo O, Chevillard C: Association of rs7719175, located in the IL13 gene promoter, with Schistosoma haematobium infection levels and identification of a susceptibility haplotype. Genes Immun. 2011, 12 (1): 31-39. 10.1038\/gene.2010.43.","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"issue":"10","key":"517_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6274","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.10.6274","volume":"174","author":"B Kouriba","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kouriba B, Chevillard C, Bream JH, Argiro L, Dessein H, Arnaud V, Sangare L, Dabo A, Beavogui AH, Arama C: Analysis of the 5q31-q33 locus shows an association between IL13-1055C\/T IL-13-591A\/G polymorphisms and Schistosoma haematobium infections. J Immunol. 2005, 174 (10): 6274-6281.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"517_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.2009.00558.x","volume":"74","author":"PN Parate","year":"2010","unstructured":"Parate PN, de Wang Y, Chew FT: Linkage disequilibrium pattern in asthma candidate genes from 5q31-q33 in the Singapore Chinese population. Ann Hum Genet. 2010, 74 (2): 137-145. 10.1111\/j.1469-1809.2009.00558.x.","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"517_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2009.0375","volume":"20","author":"MJ Simmonds","year":"2010","unstructured":"Simmonds MJ, Yesmin K, Newby PR, Brand OJ, Franklyn JA, Gough SC: Confirmation of association of chromosome 5q31-33 with United Kingdom Caucasian Graves\u2019 disease. Thyroid. 2010, 20 (4): 413-417. 10.1089\/thy.2009.0375.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"7","key":"517_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2002.00478.x","volume":"24","author":"L Malaguarnera","year":"2002","unstructured":"Malaguarnera L, Imbesi RM, Pignatelli S, Simpore J, Malaguarnera M, Musumeci S: Increased levels of interleukin-12 in Plasmodium falciparum malaria: correlation with the severity of disease. Parasite Immunol. 2002, 24 (7): 387-389. 10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2002.00478.x.","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"517_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2011.01357.x","volume":"20","author":"JH Namkung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Namkung JH, Lee JE, Kim E, Kim HJ, Seo EY, Jang HY, Shin ES, Cho EY, Yang JM: Association of polymorphisms in genes encoding IL-4, IL-13 and their receptors with atopic dermatitis in a Korean population. Exp Dermatol. 2011, 20 (11): 915-919. 10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2011.01357.x.","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"517_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364010","volume":"4","author":"J Ohashi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ohashi J, Naka I, Patarapotikul J, Hananantachai H, Looareesuwan S, Tokunaga K: A single-nucleotide substitution from C to T at position -1055 in the IL-13 promoter is associated with protection from severe malaria in Thailand. Genes Immun. 2003, 4 (7): 528-531. 10.1038\/sj.gene.6364010.","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"517_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2012.06.066","volume":"506","author":"X Ying","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ying X, Zhang R, Yu S, Wu J, Wang H: Association of interleukin-13 SNP rs1800925 with allergic rhinitis risk: A meta-analysis based on 1,411 cases and 3169 controls. Gene. 2012, 506 (1): 179-183. 10.1016\/j.gene.2012.06.066.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"7","key":"517_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2011.02021.x","volume":"16","author":"H Yang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yang H, Dong H, Dai Y, Zheng Y: Association of interleukin-13 C-1112\u2009T and G\u2009+\u20092044A polymorphisms with asthma: a meta-analysis. Respirology. 2011, 16 (7): 1127-1135. 10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2011.02021.x.","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"3","key":"517_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e32725","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032725","volume":"7","author":"N Minakawa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Minakawa N, Dida GO, Sonye GO, Futami K, Njenga SM: Malaria vectors in Lake Victoria and adjacent habitats in western Kenya. PLoS One. 2012, 7 (3): e32725-10.1371\/journal.pone.0032725.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"517_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.61.932","volume":"61","author":"PD McElroy","year":"1999","unstructured":"McElroy PD, Lal AA, Hawley WA, Bloland PB, Kuile FO, Oloo AJ, Harlow SD, Lin X, Nahlen BL: Analysis of repeated hemoglobin measures in full-term, normal birth weight Kenyan children between birth and four years of age, III. The Asemobo Bay Cohort Project. AmJTrop Med Hyg. 1999, 61 (6): 932-940.","journal-title":"AmJTrop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"9314","key":"517_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08273-9","volume":"359","author":"M Aidoo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Aidoo M, Terlouw DJ, Kolczak MS, McElroy PD, ter Kuile FO, Kariuki S, Nahlen BL, Lal AA, Udhayakumar V: Protective effects of the sickle cell gene against malaria morbidity and mortality. Lancet. 2002, 359 (9314): 1311-1312. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08273-9.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"517_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000200533.56490.b7","volume":"20","author":"RO Otieno","year":"2006","unstructured":"Otieno RO, Ouma C, Ong\u2019echa JM, Keller CC, Were T, Waindi EN, Michaels MG, Day RD, Vulule JM, Perkins DJ: Increased severe anemia in HIV-1-exposed and HIV-1-positive infants and children during acute malaria. AIDS. 2006, 20 (2): 275-280. 10.1097\/01.aids.0000200533.56490.b7.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"2","key":"517_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01864-10","volume":"49","author":"T Were","year":"2011","unstructured":"Were T, Davenport GC, Hittner JB, Ouma C, Vulule JM, Ong\u2019echa JM, Perkins DJ: Bacteremia in Kenyan children presenting with malaria. J Clin Microbiol. 2011, 49 (2): 671-676. 10.1128\/JCM.01864-10.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"517_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02168","volume":"426","author":"HapMap","year":"2003","unstructured":"HapMap: The International HapMap Project. Nature. 2003, 426: 789-796. 10.1038\/nature02168.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"517_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.13422","volume":"94","author":"N Thawani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thawani N, Tam M, Stevenson MM: STAT6-mediated suppression of erythropoiesis in an experimental model of malarial anemia. Haematologica. 2009, 94 (2): 195-204. 10.3324\/haematol.13422.","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"4","key":"517_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2003.1333","volume":"111","author":"GK Hershey","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hershey GK: IL-13 receptors and signaling pathways: an evolving web. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003, 111 (4): 677-690. 10.1067\/mai.2003.1333. quiz 691","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"517_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.107604","volume":"105","author":"H Jiang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jiang H, Harris MB, Rothman P: IL-4\/IL-13 signaling beyond JAK\/STAT. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000, 105 (6 Pt 1): 1063-1070.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"517_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1401","volume":"49","author":"M Ueta","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ueta M, Sotozono C, Inatomi T, Kojima K, Hamuro J, Kinoshita S: Association of combined IL-13\/IL-4R signaling pathway gene polymorphism with Stevens-Johnson syndrome accompanied by ocular surface complications. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008, 49 (5): 1809-1813. 10.1167\/iovs.07-1401.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"517_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1086\/644600","volume":"200","author":"S Cabantous","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cabantous S, Poudiougou B, Oumar AA, Traore A, Barry A, Vitte J, Bongrand P, Marquet S, Doumbo O, Dessein AJ: Genetic evidence for the aggravation of Plasmodium falciparum malaria by interleukin 4. J Infect Dis. 2009, 200 (10): 1530-1539. 10.1086\/644600.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"517_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1998.0468","volume":"11","author":"Y Denizot","year":"1999","unstructured":"Denizot Y, Turlure P, Bordessoule D, Trimoreau F, Praloran V: Serum IL-10 and IL-13 concentrations in patients with haematological malignancies. Cytokine. 1999, 11 (8): 634-635. 10.1006\/cyto.1998.0468.","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"6417","key":"517_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/362248a0","volume":"362","author":"A Minty","year":"1993","unstructured":"Minty A, Chalon P, Derocq JM, Dumont X, Guillemot JC, Kaghad M, Labit C, Leplatois P, Liauzun P, Miloux B: Interleukin-13 is a new human lymphokine regulating inflammatory and immune responses. Nature. 1993, 362 (6417): 248-250. 10.1038\/362248a0.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"517_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2011.04474.x","volume":"166","author":"E Ayimba","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ayimba E, Hegewald J, Segbena AY, Gantin RG, Lechner CJ, Agosssou A, Banla M, Soboslay PT: Proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines and chemokines in infants with uncomplicated and severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Clin Exp Immunol. 2011, 166 (2): 218-226. 10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2011.04474.x.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"517_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-13-5","volume":"13","author":"D Quelhas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Quelhas D, Puyol L, Quinto L, Nhampossa T, Serra-Casas E, Macete E, Aide P, Sanz S, Aponte JJ, Doolan DL: Intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine does not modify plasma cytokines and chemokines or intracellular cytokine responses to Plasmodium falciparum in Mozambican children. BMC Immunol. 2012, 13: 5-10.1186\/1471-2172-13-5.","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"517_CR49","first-page":"232","volume":"21","author":"S Sinha","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sinha S, Qidwai T, Kanchan K, Jha GN, Anand P, Pati SS, Mohanty S, Mishra SK, Tyagi PK, Sharma SK: Distinct cytokine profiles define clinical immune response to falciparum malaria in regions of high or low disease transmission. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2010, 21 (4): 232-240.","journal-title":"Eur Cytokine Netw"},{"key":"517_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132532","volume":"27","author":"FO Martinez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Martinez FO, Helming L, Gordon S: Alternative activation of macrophages: an immunologic functional perspective. Annu Rev Immunol. 2009, 27: 451-483. 10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132532.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"1\u20132 Suppl","key":"517_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iv","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.64.iv","volume":"64","author":"JG Breman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Breman JG, Egan A, Keusch GT: The intolerable burden of malaria: a new look at the numbers. AmJTrop Med Hyg. 2001, 64 (1\u20132 Suppl): iv-vii.","journal-title":"AmJTrop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"517_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e375","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000375","volume":"3","author":"MR Gatlin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gatlin MR, Black CL, Mwinzi PN, Secor WE, Karanja DM, Colley DG: Association of the gene polymorphisms IFN-gamma +874, IL-13\u20131055 and IL-4\u2013590 with patterns of reinfection with Schistosoma mansoni. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2009, 3 (2): e375-10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000375.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"517_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.04.010","volume":"39","author":"ML Steinauer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Steinauer ML, Hanelt B, Agola LE, Mkoji GM, Loker ES: Genetic structure of Schstosoma mansoni in western Kenya: the effects of geography and host sharing. Int J Parasitol. 2009, 39 (12): 1353-1362. 10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.04.010.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"Spec No. 2","key":"517_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R134","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddm242","volume":"16","author":"PL Balaresque","year":"2007","unstructured":"Balaresque PL, Ballereau SJ, Jobling MA: Challenges in human genetic diversity: demographic history and adaptation. Hum Mol Genet. 2007, 16 (Spec No. 2): R134-R139.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"}],"container-title":["BMC Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2172-14-15.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T22:49:33Z","timestamp":1630536573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcimmunol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2172-14-15"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,25]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["517"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2172-14-15","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2172"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2172","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 November 2012","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2013","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2013","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"15"}}