{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T11:55:51Z","timestamp":1792410951009,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:italic> is the causative agent of human Legionnaire's disease. During infection, the bacterium invades macrophages and lung epithelial cells, and replicates intracellularly. However, little is known about its interaction with T cells. We investigated the ability of <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic> to infect and stimulate the production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in T cells. The objective of this study was to assess whether <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic> interferes with the immune system by interacting and infecting T cells.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Wild-type <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic> and flagellin-deficient <jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic>, but not <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic> lacking a functional type IV secretion system Dot\/Icm, replicated in T cells. On the other hand, wild-type <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic> and Dot\/Icm-deficient <jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic>, but not flagellin-deficient <jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic> or heat-killed <jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic> induced IL-8 expression. <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic> activated an IL-8 promoter through the NF-\u03baB and AP-1 binding regions. Wild-type <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic> but not flagellin-deficient <jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic> activated NF-\u03baB, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and transforming growth factor \u03b2-associated kinase 1 (TAK1). Transfection of dominant negative mutants of I\u03baB\u03b1, I\u03baB kinase, NF-\u03baB-inducing kinase, TAK1, MyD88, and p38 MAPK inhibited <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>-induced IL-8 activation. Inhibitors of NF-\u03baB, p38 MAPK, and JNK blocked <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>-induced IL-8 expression. In addition, c-Jun, JunD, cyclic AMP response element binding protein, and activating transcription factor 1, which are substrates of p38 MAPK and JNK, bound to the AP-1 site of the IL-8 promoter.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Taken together, <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic> induced a flagellin-dependent activation of TAK1, p38 MAPK, and JNK, as well as NF-\u03baB and AP-1, which resulted in IL-8 production in human T cells, presumably contributing to the immune response in Legionnaire's disease.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]],"date-time":"2010-01-05T19:15:05Z","timestamp":1262718905000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Molecular characterization of Legionella pneumophila-induced interleukin-8 expression in T cells"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Reika","family":"Takamatsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromitsu","family":"Teruya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eriko","family":"Takeshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chie","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunihiro","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naofumi","family":"Mukaida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Dong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Heuner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Futoshi","family":"Higa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiro","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"957_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2001.00093.x","volume":"3","author":"AD Joshi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Joshi AD, Sturgill-Koszycki S, Swanson MS: Evidence that Dot-dependent and -independent factors isolate the Legionella pneumophila phagosome from the endocytic network in mouse macrophages. 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