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The purpose of this study was to identify adherence factors expressed by these organisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comparative sequence analyses identified a gene product in the published genome of<jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic>strain ATCC23344 (locus # BMAA0649) that resembles the well-characterized<jats:italic>Yersinia enterocolitica<\/jats:italic>autotransporter adhesin YadA. The gene encoding this<jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic>protein, designated<jats:italic>boaA<\/jats:italic>, was expressed in<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>and shown to significantly increase adherence to human epithelial cell lines, specifically HEp2 (laryngeal cells) and A549 (type II pneumocytes), as well as to cultures of normal human bronchial epithelium (NHBE). Consistent with these findings, disruption of the<jats:italic>boaA<\/jats:italic>gene in<jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic>ATCC23344 reduced adherence to all three cell types by ~50%. The genomes of the<jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>strains K96243 and DD503 were also found to contain<jats:italic>boaA<\/jats:italic>and inactivation of the gene in DD503 considerably decreased binding to monolayers of HEp2 and A549 cells and to NHBE cultures.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A second YadA-like gene product highly similar to BoaA (65% identity) was identified in the published genomic sequence of<jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>strain K96243 (locus # BPSL1705). The gene specifying this protein, termed<jats:italic>boaB<\/jats:italic>, appears to be<jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>-specific. Quantitative attachment assays demonstrated that recombinant<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>expressing BoaB displayed greater binding to A549 pneumocytes, HEp2 cells and NHBE cultures. Moreover, a<jats:italic>boaB<\/jats:italic>mutant of<jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>DD503 showed decreased adherence to these respiratory cells. Additionally, a<jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>strain lacking expression of both<jats:italic>boaA<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>boaB<\/jats:italic>was impaired in its ability to thrive inside J774A.1 murine macrophages, suggesting a possible role for these proteins in survival within professional phagocytic cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The<jats:italic>boaA<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>boaB<\/jats:italic>genes specify adhesins that mediate adherence to epithelial cells of the human respiratory tract. The<jats:italic>boaA<\/jats:italic>gene product is shared by<jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic>whereas BoaB appears to be a<jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>-specific adherence factor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,28]],"date-time":"2010-09-28T18:15:01Z","timestamp":1285697701000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Identification of Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei adhesins for human respiratory epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Rachel","family":"Balder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Lipski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J","family":"Lazarus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Grose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald M","family":"Wooten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J","family":"Hogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald E","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric R","family":"Lafontaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1206_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.2.383-416.2005","volume":"18","author":"AC Cheng","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cheng AC, Currie BJ: Melioidosis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. 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