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In order to circumvent the limitations of current phenotypic and PCR-based identification methods, we aimed to assess the usefulness of matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) protein profiling for accurate and rapid identification of <jats:italic>Yersinia<\/jats:italic> species. As a first step, we built a database of 39 different <jats:italic>Yersinia<\/jats:italic> strains representing 12 different <jats:italic>Yersinia<\/jats:italic> species, including 13 <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic> isolates representative of the Antiqua, Medievalis and Orientalis biotypes. The organisms were deposited on the MALDI-TOF plate after appropriate ethanol-based inactivation, and a protein profile was obtained within 6 minutes for each of the <jats:italic>Yersinia<\/jats:italic> species.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>When compared with a 3,025-profile database, every <jats:italic>Yersinia<\/jats:italic> species yielded a unique protein profile and was unambiguously identified. In the second step of analysis, environmental and clinical isolates of <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic> (n = 2) and <jats:italic>Y. enterocolitica<\/jats:italic> (n = 11) were compared to the database and correctly identified. In particular, <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic> was unambiguously identified at the species level, and MALDI-TOF was able to successfully differentiate the three biotypes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These data indicate that MALDI-TOF can be used as a rapid and accurate first-line method for the identification of <jats:italic>Yersinia<\/jats:italic> isolates.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,12]],"date-time":"2010-11-12T19:14:33Z","timestamp":1289589273000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Rapid identification and typing of Yersinia pestis and other Yersinia species by matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Saravanan","family":"Ayyadurai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Flaudrops","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Raoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Drancourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1241_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.1.35","volume":"10","author":"RD Perry","year":"1997","unstructured":"Perry RD, Fetherston JD: Yersinia pestis - etiologic agent of plague. 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