{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T21:00:56Z","timestamp":1760043656268},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,30]],"date-time":"2010-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291075200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,30]],"date-time":"2010-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:italic> is a major bacterial cause of food-borne enteritis, and its lipooligosaccharide (LOS) plays an initiating role in the development of the autoimmune neuropathy, Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome, by induction of anti-neural cross-reactive antibodies through ganglioside molecular mimicry.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Herein we describe the existence and heterogeneity of multiple LOS forms in <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic> strains of human and chicken origin grown at 37\u00b0C and 42\u00b0C, respectively, as determined on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels with carbohydrate-specific silver staining and blotting with anti-ganglioside ligands, and confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic> NCTC 11168 original isolate (11168-O) was compared to its genome-sequenced variant (11168-GS), and both were found to have a lower-M<jats:sub>r<\/jats:sub> LOS form, which was different in size and structure to the previously characterized higher-M<jats:sub>r<\/jats:sub> form bearing GM<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> mimicry. The lower-M<jats:sub>r<\/jats:sub> form production was found to be dependent on the growth temperature as the production of this form increased from ~5%, observed at 37\u00b0C to ~35% at 42\u00b0C. The structure of the lower-M<jats:sub>r<\/jats:sub> form contained a \u03b2-D-Gal-(1\u21923)-\u03b2-D-GalNAc disaccharide moiety which is consistent with the termini of the GM<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, asialo-GM<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, GD<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, GT<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and GQ<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> gangliosides, however, it did not display GM<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> mimicry as assessed in blotting studies but was shown in NMR to resemble asialo-GM<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>. The production of multiple LOS forms and lack of GM<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> mimicry was not a result of phase variation in the genes tested of NCTC 11168 and was also observed in most of the human and chicken isolates of <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic> tested.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The presence of differing amounts of LOS forms at 37 and 42\u00b0C, and the variety of forms observed in different strains, indicate that LOS form variation may play a role in an adaptive mechanism or a stress response of the bacterium during the colonization of different hosts.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,30]],"date-time":"2010-11-30T19:15:14Z","timestamp":1291144514000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Temperature-dependent phenotypic variation of Campylobacter jejuni lipooligosaccharides"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Evgeny A","family":"Semchenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher J","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer C","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I Darren","family":"Grice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony P","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Korolik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1261_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1086\/319760","volume":"32","author":"BM Allos","year":"2001","unstructured":"Allos BM: Campylobacter jejuni Infections: update on emerging issues and trends. 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