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The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of MTb and NTM species in HIV-infected patients from Mexico City, to evaluate the genotypic diversity of the <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> complex strains, to determine their drug resistance profiles by colorimetric microplate Alamar Blue assay (MABA), and finally, to detect mutations present in <jats:italic>kat<\/jats:italic> G, <jats:italic>rpo<\/jats:italic> B and <jats:italic>inh<\/jats:italic> A genes, resulting in isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF) resistance.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Of the 67 mycobacterial strains isolated, 48 were identified as MTb, 9 as <jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic>, 9 as <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic> and 1 as <jats:italic>M. intracellulare<\/jats:italic>. IS<jats:italic>6110<\/jats:italic>-RFLP of 48 MTb strains showed 27 profiles. Spoligotyping of the 48 MTb strains yielded 21 patterns, and 9 <jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic> strains produced 7 patterns. Eleven new spoligotypes patterns were found. A total of 40 patterns were produced from the 48 MTb strains when MIRU-VNTR was performed. Nineteen (39.6%) MTb strains were resistant to one or more drugs. One (2.1%) multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain was identified. A novel mutation was identified in a RIF-resistant strain, GAG \u2192 TCG (Glu \u2192 Ser) at codon 469 of <jats:italic>rpo<\/jats:italic> B gene.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This is the first molecular analysis of mycobacteria isolated from HIV-infected patients in Mexico, which describe the prevalence of different mycobacterial species in this population. A high genetic diversity of MTb strains was identified. New spoligotypes and MIRU-VNTR patterns as well as a novel mutation associated to RIF-resistance were found. This information will facilitate the tracking of different mycobacterial species in HIV-infected individuals, and monitoring the spread of these microorganisms, leading to more appropriate measures for tuberculosis control.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-82","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,26]],"date-time":"2010-03-26T19:16:10Z","timestamp":1269630970000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["First insights into the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from HIV-infected Mexican patients and mutations causing multidrug resistance"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Rocio","family":"Lopez-Alvarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Badillo-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge F","family":"Cerna-Cortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Castillo-Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Rivera-Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Addy C","family":"Helguera-Repetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rogelio","family":"Hernandez-Pando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Samper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge A","family":"Gonzalez-y-Merchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1038_CR1","unstructured":"2008 Report on the global AIDS epidemic.http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/KnowledgeCentre\/HIVData\/GlobalReport\/2008\/2008_Global_report.asp"},{"key":"1038_CR2","unstructured":"TB\/HIV Facts 2009.http:\/\/www.who.int\/tb\/challenges\/hiv\/factsheet_hivtb_2009.pdf"},{"key":"1038_CR3","unstructured":"TB\/HIV Facts 2008.http:\/\/www.who.int\/tb\/challenges\/hiv\/tbhiv_facts08_en.pdf"},{"key":"1038_CR4","unstructured":"TB country profile: Mexico.http:\/\/apps.who.int\/globalatlas\/predefinedReports\/TB\/PDF_Files\/mex.pdf"},{"key":"1038_CR5","first-page":"18","volume":"47","author":"GP Dhungana","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dhungana GP, Ghimire P, Sharma S, Rijal BP: Characterization of mycobacteria in HIV\/AIDS patients of Nepal. 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