{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:32:55Z","timestamp":1791304375373,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In comparison to other bacterial pathogens, our knowledge of the molecular basis of the pathogenesis of leptospirosis is extremely limited. An improved understanding of leptospiral pathogenetic mechanisms requires reliable tools for functional genetic analysis. Leptospiral immunoglobulin-like (Lig) proteins are surface proteins found in pathogenic <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>, but not in saprophytes. Here, we describe a system for heterologous expression of the <jats:italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:italic> genes <jats:italic>ligA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ligB<\/jats:italic> in the saprophyte <jats:italic>Leptospira biflexa<\/jats:italic> serovar Patoc.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The genes encoding LigA and LigB under the control of a constitutive spirochaetal promoter were inserted into the <jats:italic>L. biflexa<\/jats:italic> replicative plasmid. We were able to demonstrate expression and surface localization of LigA and LigB in <jats:italic>L. biflexa<\/jats:italic>. We found that the expression of the <jats:italic>lig<\/jats:italic> genes significantly enhanced the ability of transformed <jats:italic>L. biflexa<\/jats:italic> to adhere <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> to extracellular matrix components and cultured cells, suggesting the involvement of Lig proteins in cell adhesion.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This work reports a complete description of the system we have developed for heterologous expression of pathogen-specific proteins in the saprophytic <jats:italic>L. biflexa<\/jats:italic>. We show that expression of LigA and LigB proteins from the pathogen confers a virulence-associated phenotype on <jats:italic>L. biflexa<\/jats:italic>, namely adhesion to eukaryotic cells and fibronectin <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. This study indicates that <jats:italic>L. biflexa<\/jats:italic> can serve as a surrogate host to characterize the role of key virulence factors of the causative agent of leptospirosis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-11-129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,10]],"date-time":"2011-06-10T05:24:55Z","timestamp":1307683495000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Heterologous expression of pathogen-specific genes ligA and ligB in the saprophyte Leptospira biflexaconfers enhanced adhesion to cultured cells and fibronectin"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Cl\u00e1udio Pereira","family":"Figueira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Croda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry A","family":"Choy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A","family":"Haake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitermayer G","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert I","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Picardeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1418_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00830-2","volume":"3","author":"AR Bharti","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bharti AR, Nally JE, Ricaldi JN, Matthias MA, Diaz MM, Lovett MA, Levett PN, Gilman RH, Willig MR, Gotuzzo E, VInetz JM: Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance. Lancet Infect Dis. 2003, 3: 757-771. 10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00830-2.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"1418_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001","volume":"14","author":"PN Levett","year":"2001","unstructured":"Levett PN: Leptospirosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001, 14: 296-326. 10.1128\/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"1418_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2208","volume":"7","author":"AI Ko","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ko AI, Goarant C, Picardeau M: Leptospira: the dawn of the molecular genetics era for an emerging zoonotic pathogen. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009, 7: 736-747. 10.1038\/nrmicro2208.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"1418_CR4","volume-title":"Genetic Manipulation of Leptospira biflexa","author":"H Louvel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Louvel H, Picardeau M: Genetic Manipulation of Leptospira biflexa. 2007, Hoboken, N.J.: J. Wiley and Sons"},{"key":"1418_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3255","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.9.3255-3258.2005","volume":"187","author":"P Bourhy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bourhy P, Louvel H, Saint Girons I, Picardeau M: Random insertional mutagenesis of Leptospira interrogans, the agent of leptospirosis, using a mariner transposon. J Bacteriol. 2005, 187: 3255-3258. 10.1128\/JB.187.9.3255-3258.2005.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"1418_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5826","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00989-08","volume":"76","author":"J Croda","year":"2008","unstructured":"Croda J, Figueira CP, Wunder EAJ, Santos CS, Reis MG, Ko AI, Picardeau M: Targeted mutagenesis in pathogenic Leptospira: Disruption of the ligB gene does not affect virulence in animal models of leptospirosis. Infect Immun. 2008, 76: 5826-5833. 10.1128\/IAI.00989-08.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1418_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01293-08","volume":"77","author":"GL Murray","year":"2009","unstructured":"Murray GL, Morel V, Cerqueira GM, et al: Genome-wide transposon mutagenesis in pathogenic Leptospira spp. Infect Immun. 2009, 77: 810-816. 10.1128\/IAI.01293-08.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1418_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5700","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.20.5700-5705.2000","volume":"182","author":"I Girons Saint","year":"2000","unstructured":"Saint Girons I, Bourhy P, Ottone C, Picardeau M, Yelton D, Hendrix RW, Glaser P, Charon N: The LE1 bacteriophage replicates as a plasmid within Leptospira biflexa: construction of an L. biflexa-Escherichia coli shuttle vector. J Bacteriol. 2000, 182: 5700-5705. 10.1128\/JB.182.20.5700-5705.2000.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"1418_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02172-07","volume":"74","author":"M Picardeau","year":"2008","unstructured":"Picardeau M: Conjugative transfer between Escherichia coli and Leptospira spp. as a new genetic tool. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008, 74: 319-322. 10.1128\/AEM.02172-07.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"1418_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2003.10.007","volume":"22","author":"N Koizumi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Koizumi N, Watanabe H: Leptospiral immunoglobulin-like proteins elicit protective immunity. Vaccine. 2004, 22: 1545-1552. 10.1016\/j.vaccine.2003.10.007.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"1418_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03619.x","volume":"49","author":"J Matsunaga","year":"2003","unstructured":"Matsunaga J, Barocchi MA, Croda J, et al: Pathogenic Leptospira species express surface-exposed proteins belonging to the bacterial immunoglobulin superfamily. Mol Microbiol. 2003, 49: 929-945. 10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03619.x.","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"1418_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5924","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.11.5924-5930.2002","volume":"70","author":"RU Palaniappan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Palaniappan RU, Chang YF, Jusuf SS, et al: Cloning and molecular characterization of an immunogenic LigA protein of Leptospira interrogans. Infect Immun. 2002, 70: 5924-5930. 10.1128\/IAI.70.11.5924-5930.2002.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1418_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01635-06","volume":"75","author":"HA Choy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Choy HA, Kelley MM, Chen TL, M\u00f8ller AK, Matsunaga J, Haake DA: Physiological osmotic induction of Leptospira interrogans adhesion: LigA and LigB bind extracellular matrix proteins and fibrinogen. Infect Immun. 2007, 75: 2441-2450. 10.1128\/IAI.01635-06.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1418_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.07.196","volume":"362","author":"YP Lin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lin YP, Chang YF: A domain of the Leptospira LigB contributes to high affinity binding of fibronectin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007, 362: 443-448. 10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.07.196.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"1418_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19380","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.004531","volume":"284","author":"YP Lin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lin YP, Lee DW, McDonough SP, Nicholson LK, Sharma Y, Chang YF: Repeated domains of leptospira immunoglobulin-like proteins interact with elastin and tropoelastin. J Biol Chem. 2009, 284: 19380-19391. 10.1074\/jbc.M109.004531.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1418_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2008.9.2.133","volume":"9","author":"YP Lin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lin YP, Chang YF: The C-terminal variable domain of LigB from Leptospira mediates binding to fibronectin. J Vet Sci. 2008, 9: 133-144. 10.4142\/jvs.2008.9.2.133.","journal-title":"J Vet Sci"},{"key":"1418_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.08.089","volume":"389","author":"YP Lin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lin YP, Greenwood A, Yan W, Nicholson LK, Sharma Y, McDonough SP, Chang YF: A novel fibronectin type III module binding motif identified on C-terminus of Leptospira immunoglobulin-like protein, LigB. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009, 389: 57-62. 10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.08.089.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"1418_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25140","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M801350200","volume":"283","author":"YP Lin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lin YP, Raman R, Sharma Y, Chang YF: Calcium binds to leptospiral immunoglobulin-like protein, LigB, and modulates fibronectin binding. J Biol Chem. 2008, 283: 25140-24149. 10.1074\/jbc.M801350200.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1418_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02344-06","volume":"45","author":"J Croda","year":"2007","unstructured":"Croda J, Ramos JG, Matsunaga J, Queiroz A, Homma A, Riley LW, Haake DA, Reis MG, Ko AI: Leptospira immunoglobulin-like proteins as a serodiagnostic marker for acute leptospirosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2007, 45: 1528-1534. 10.1128\/JCM.02344-06.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1418_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2007.10.012","volume":"72","author":"P Srimanote","year":"2008","unstructured":"Srimanote P, Wongdeethai N, Jieanampunkul P, Samonkiert S, Leepiyasakulchai C, Kalambaheti T, Prachayasittikul V: Recombinant LigA for leptospirosis diagnosis and ligA among the Leptospira spp. clinical isolates. J Microbiol Methods. 2008, 72: 73-81. 10.1016\/j.mimet.2007.10.012.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"1418_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.10.029","volume":"26","author":"SM Faisal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Faisal SM, Yan W, Chen CS, Palaniappan RU, McDonough SP, Chang YF: Evaluation of protective immunity of Leptospira immunoglobulin like protein A (LigA) DNA vaccine against challenge in hamsters. Vaccine. 2008, 26: 277-287. 10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.10.029.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"1418_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.10.089","volume":"27","author":"SM Faisal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Faisal SM, Yan W, McDonough SP, Chang YF: Leptospira immunoglobulin-like protein A variable region (LigAvar) incorporated in liposomes and PLGA microspheres produces a robust immune response correlating to protective immunity. Vaccine. 2009, 27: 378-387. 10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.10.089.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"1418_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.3.1745-1750.2006","volume":"74","author":"RU Palaniappan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Palaniappan RU, McDonough SP, Divers TJ, Chen CS, Pan MJ, Matsumoto M, Chang YF: Immunoprotection of recombinant leptospiral immunoglobulin-like protein A against Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona infection. Infect Immun. 2006, 74: 1745-1750. 10.1128\/IAI.74.3.1745-1750.2006.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1418_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.05.053","volume":"25","author":"EF Silva","year":"2007","unstructured":"Silva EF, Medeiros MA, McBride AJ, et al: The terminal portion of leptospiral immunoglobulin-like protein LigA confers protective immunity against lethal infection in the hamster model of leptospirosis. Vaccine. 2007, 25: 6277-6286. 10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.05.053.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"1418_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.11.008","volume":"11","author":"W Yan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yan W, Faisal SM, McDonough SP, Divers TJ, Barr SC, Chang CF, Pan MJ, Chang YF: Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant Leptospira immunoglobulin-like protein B (rLigB) in a hamster challenge model. Microbes Infect. 2009, 11: 230-237. 10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.11.008.","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"1418_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1607","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001607","volume":"3","author":"M Picardeau","year":"2008","unstructured":"Picardeau M, Bulach DM, Bouchier C, et al: Genome sequence of the saprophyte Leptospira biflexa provides insights into the evolution of Leptospira and the pathogenesis of leptospirosis. PLoS ONE. 2008, 3: e1607-10.1371\/journal.pone.0001607.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1418_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3931","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.12.3931-3940.2005","volume":"187","author":"P Bourhy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bourhy P, Frangeul L, Couve E, Glaser P, Saint Girons I, Picardeau M: Complete nucleotide sequence of the LE1 prophage from the spirochete Leptospira biflexa and characterization of its replication and partition functions. J Bacteriol. 2005, 187: 3931-3940. 10.1128\/JB.187.12.3931-3940.2005.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"1418_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4882","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00775-10","volume":"76","author":"D Poggi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Poggi D, Oliveira de Giuseppe P, Picardeau M: Antibiotic resistance markers for genetic manipulations of Leptospira spp. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010, 76: 4882-4885. 10.1128\/AEM.00775-10.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"1418_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.9.2445-2452.2000","volume":"182","author":"JL Bono","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bono JL, Elias AF, Kupko JJ, Stevenson B, Tilly K, Rosa P: Efficient targeted mutagenesis in Borrelia burgdorferi. J Bacteriol. 2000, 182: 2445-2452. 10.1128\/JB.182.9.2445-2452.2000.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"1418_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6926","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.12.6926-6932.2002","volume":"70","author":"MA Barocchi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Barocchi MA, Ko AI, Reis MG, McDonald KL, Riley LW: Rapid translocation of polarized MDCK cell monolayers by Leptospira interrogans, an invasive but nonintracellular pathogen. Infect Immun. 2002, 70: 6926-6932. 10.1128\/IAI.70.12.6926-6932.2002.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1418_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2009.127","volume":"20","author":"XJ Cao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cao XJ, Dai J, Xu H, et al: High-coverage proteome analysis reveals the first insight of protein modification systems in the pathogenic spirochete Leptospira interrogans. Cell Res. 2010, 20: 197-210. 10.1038\/cr.2009.127.","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"1418_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6572","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.12.6572-6582.1999","volume":"67","author":"DA Haake","year":"1999","unstructured":"Haake DA, Mazel MK, McCoy AM, Milward F, Chao G, Matsunaga J, Wagar EA: Leptospiral outer membrane proteins OmpL1 and LipL41 exhibit synergistic immunoprotection. Infect Immun. 1999, 67: 6572-6582.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1418_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.28317-0","volume":"152","author":"JC Setubal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Setubal JC, Reis MG, Matsunaga J, Haake DA: Lipoprotein computational prediction in spirochaetal genomes. Microbiology. 2006, 152: 113-121. 10.1099\/mic.0.28317-0.","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"1418_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2003.00281.x","volume":"5","author":"JP Nougayr\u00e8de","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nougayr\u00e8de JP, Fernandes PJ, Donnenberg MS: Adhesion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to host cells. Cell Microbiol. 2003, 5: 359-372. 10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2003.00281.x.","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"1418_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6473","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.14.6473","volume":"90","author":"JC Pepe","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pepe JC, Miller VL: Yersinia enterocolitica invasin: a primary role in the initiation of infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993, 90: 6473-6477. 10.1073\/pnas.90.14.6473.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1418_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16879","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016879","volume":"6","author":"HA Choy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Choy HA, Kelley MM, Croda J, Matsunaga J, Babbitt JT, Ko AI, Picardeau M, Haake DA: The multifunctional LigB adhesin binds homeostatic proteins with potential roles in cutaneous infection by pathogenic Leptospira interrogans. PLoS One. 2011, 6: e16879-10.1371\/journal.pone.0016879.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1418_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-8-70","volume":"8","author":"MV Atzingen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Atzingen MV, Barbosa AS, De Brito T, Vasconcellos SA, de Morais ZM, Lima DM, Abreu PA, Nascimento AL: Lsa21, a novel leptospiral protein binding adhesive matrix molecules and present during human infection. BMC Microbiol. 2008, 8: 70-10.1186\/1471-2180-8-70.","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"1418_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6356","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00460-06","volume":"74","author":"AS Barbosa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barbosa AS, Abreu PA, Neves FO, Atzingen MV, Watanabe MM, Vieira ML, Morais ZM, Vasconcellos SA, Nascimento AL: A newly identified leptospiral adhesin mediates attachment to laminin. Infect Immun. 2006, 74: 6356-6364. 10.1128\/IAI.00460-06.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1418_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2642","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01639-07","volume":"76","author":"P Hauk","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hauk P, Macedo F, Romero EC, Vasconcellos SA, de Morais ZM, Barbosa AS, Ho PL: In LipL32, the major leptospiral lipoprotein, the C terminus is the primary immunogenic domain and mediates interaction with collagen IV and plasma fibronectin. Infect Immun. 2008, 76: 2642-2650. 10.1128\/IAI.01639-07.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1418_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.011916-0","volume":"58","author":"MT Longhi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Longhi MT, Oliveira TR, Romero EC, Gon\u00e7ales AP, de Morais ZM, Vasconcellos SA, Nascimento AL: A newly identified protein of Leptospira interrogans mediates binding to laminin. J Med Microbiol. 2009, 58: 1275-1282. 10.1099\/jmm.0.011916-0.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"1418_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09034.x","volume":"185","author":"F Merien","year":"2000","unstructured":"Merien F, Truccolo J, Baranton G, Perolat P: Identification of a 36-kDa fibronectin-binding protein expressed by a virulent variant of Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2000, 185: 17-22. 10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09034.x.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"1418_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1188","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001188","volume":"2","author":"B Stevenson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stevenson B, Choy HA, Pinne M, et al: Leptospira interrogans endostatin-like outer membrane proteins bind host fibronectin, laminin and regulators of complement. PLoS ONE. 2007, 2: e1188-10.1371\/journal.pone.0001188.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1418_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2009.10.047","volume":"60","author":"ML Vieira","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vieira ML, de Morais ZM, Gon\u00e7ales AP, Romero EC, Vasconcellos SA, Nascimento AL: Lsa63, a newly identified surface protein of Leptospira interrogans binds laminin and collagen IV. J Infect. 2010, 60: 52-64. 10.1016\/j.jinf.2009.10.047.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"1418_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.58.3.581-585.1990","volume":"58","author":"DD Thomas","year":"1990","unstructured":"Thomas DD, Higbie LM: In vitro association of leptospires with host cells. Infect Immun. 1990, 58: 581-585.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1418_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.2002.5516","volume":"276","author":"J Praetorius","year":"2002","unstructured":"Praetorius J, Spring KR: Specific lectins map the distribution of fibronectin and \u00df-1 integrin on living MDCK cells. Exp Cell Res. 2002, 276: 52-62. 10.1006\/excr.2002.5516.","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"1418_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.107.2.527","volume":"107","author":"CA Schoenenberger","year":"1994","unstructured":"Schoenenberger CA, Zuk A, Zinkl GM, Kendall D, Matlin KS: Integrin expression and localization in normal MDCK cells and transformed MDCK cells lacking apical polarity. J Cell Sci. 1994, 107: 527-541.","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"1418_CR47","first-page":"45","volume":"26","author":"HC Ellinghausen","year":"1965","unstructured":"Ellinghausen HC, McCullough WG: Nutrition of Leptospira pomona and growth of 13 other serotypes: fractionation of oleic albumin complex and a medium of bovine albumin and polysorbate 80. Am J Vet Res. 1965, 26: 45-51.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"1418_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.94.1.27-31.1967","volume":"94","author":"RC Johnson","year":"1967","unstructured":"Johnson RC, Harris VG: Differentiation of pathogenic and saprophytic leptospires. J Bacteriol. 1967, 94: 27-31.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"1418_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26065-0","volume":"149","author":"H Bauby","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bauby H, Saint Girons I, Picardeau M: Construction and complementation of the first auxotrophic mutant in the spirochaete Leptospira meyeri. Microbiology. 2003, 149: 689-693. 10.1099\/mic.0.26065-0.","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"1418_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4853","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.8.4853-4863.2005","volume":"73","author":"PA Cullen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cullen PA, Xu X, Matsunaga J, Sanchez Y, Ko AI, Haake DA, Adler B: Surfaceome of Leptospira spp. Infect Immun. 2005, 73: 4853-4863. 10.1128\/IAI.73.8.4853-4863.2005.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1418_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.3.764-775.1991","volume":"9","author":"JC Antoine","year":"1991","unstructured":"Antoine JC, Jouanne C, Lang T, Prina E, de Chastellier C, Frehel C: Localization of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules in phagolysosomes of murine macrophages infected with Leishmania amazonensis. Infect Immun. 1991, 9: 764-775.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1418_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01619-06","volume":"75","author":"J Matsunaga","year":"2007","unstructured":"Matsunaga J, Lo M, Bulach DM, Zuerner RL, Adler B, Haake DA: Response of Leptospira interrogans to physiologic osmolarity: relevance in signaling the environment-to-host transition. Infect Immun. 2007, 75: 2864-2874. 10.1128\/IAI.01619-06.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2180-11-129.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T14:23:15Z","timestamp":1630506195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2180-11-129"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,9]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2180-11-129","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 March 2011","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 June 2011","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 June 2011","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"129"}}