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The objective of the present study is to predict and confirm major combined B and T cell epitopes of leptospiral outer membrane proteins OmpL1 and LipL41, as well as to evaluate their capacity in the induction of immune responses in BALB\/c mice.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In this study, four epitopes from OmpL1 and four from LipL41 conserved regions were evaluated for their potential utilization in leptospire vaccines. Firstly, combined B and T cell epitopes were predicted by softwares and expressed using a phage display system. OmpL1 residues 87-98 and 173-191 (OmpL1<jats:sub>87-98<\/jats:sub> and OmpL1<jats:sub>173-191<\/jats:sub>) and LipL41<jats:sub>30-48<\/jats:sub>, LipL41<jats:sub>233-256<\/jats:sub> of LipL41 were identified as immunodominant B cell epitopes by Western blot. Epitopes OmpL1<jats:sub>173-191<\/jats:sub>, OmpL1<jats:sub>297-320<\/jats:sub> of OmpL1 and LipL41<jats:sub>233-256<\/jats:sub>, LipL41<jats:sub>263-282<\/jats:sub> of LipL41 were identified as immunodominant CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell epitopes through proliferation analysis of splenocytes from recombinant OmpL1 (rOmpL1) or recombinant LipL41 (rLipL41)-immunized BALB\/c (H-2<jats:sup>d<\/jats:sup>) mice. These epitopes induced responses of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and Th1 (T helper cells) type cytokine responses during the infection.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This work identified combined T and B cell immunodominant epitopes in outer membrane proteins OmpL1 and LipL41 of <jats:italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:italic>. OmpL1<jats:sub>173-191<\/jats:sub> of OmpL1 and LipL41<jats:sub>233-256<\/jats:sub> of LipL41 could be useful in a vaccine against <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>. The findings could also contribute to the development of effective cross-protective vaccine strategies for leptospirosis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-11-21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,8]],"date-time":"2011-02-08T14:43:37Z","timestamp":1297176217000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Characterization of Conserved Combined T and B Cell Epitopes in Leptospira interrogansMajor Outer Membrane Proteins OmpL1 and LipL41"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xu'ai","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aihua","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1308_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qco.0000178824.05715.2c","volume":"18","author":"AJ McBride","year":"2005","unstructured":"McBride AJ, Athanazio DA, Reis MG, Ko AI: Leptospirosis. 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