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We sequenced the genome of a serotype 11A, ST62 <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> invasive isolate (AP200), that was erythromycin-resistant due to the presence of the <jats:italic>erm<\/jats:italic>(TR) determinant, and carried out analysis of the genome organization and comparison with other pneumococcal genomes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The genome sequence of <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> AP200 is 2,130,580 base pair in length. The genome carries 2216 coding sequences (CDS), 56 tRNA, and 12 rRNA genes. Of the CDSs, 72.9% have a predicted biological known function. AP200 contains the pilus islet 2 and, although its phenotype corresponds to serotype 11A, it contains an 11D capsular locus. Chromosomal rearrangements resulting from a large inversion across the replication axis, and horizontal gene transfer events were observed. The chromosomal inversion is likely implicated in the rebalance of the chromosomal architecture affected by the insertions of two large exogenous elements, the <jats:italic>erm<\/jats:italic>(TR)-carrying Tn<jats:italic>1806<\/jats:italic> and a functional prophage designated \u03d5Spn_200. Tn<jats:italic>1806<\/jats:italic> is 52,457 bp in size and comprises 49 ORFs. Comparative analysis of Tn<jats:italic>1806<\/jats:italic> revealed the presence of a similar genetic element or part of it in related species such as <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic> and also in the anaerobic species <jats:italic>Finegoldia magna, Anaerococcus prevotii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Clostridium difficile<\/jats:italic>. The genome of \u03d5Spn_200 is 35,989 bp in size and is organized in 47 ORFs grouped into five functional modules. Prophages similar to \u03d5Spn_200 were found in pneumococci and in other streptococcal species, showing a high degree of exchange of functional modules. \u03d5Spn_200 viral particles have morphologic characteristics typical of the <jats:italic>Siphoviridae<\/jats:italic> family and are capable of infecting a pneumococcal recipient strain.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The sequence of <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> AP200 chromosome revealed a dynamic genome, characterized by chromosomal rearrangements and horizontal gene transfers. The overall diversity of AP200 is driven mainly by the presence of the exogenous elements Tn<jats:italic>1806<\/jats:italic> and \u03d5Spn_200 that show large gene exchanges with other genetic elements of different bacterial species. These genetic elements likely provide AP200 with additional genes, such as those conferring antibiotic-resistance, promoting its adaptation to the environment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-11-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,8]],"date-time":"2011-02-08T14:57:32Z","timestamp":1297177052000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Complete genome sequence of a serotype 11A, ST62 Streptococcus pneumoniaeinvasive isolate"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Romina","family":"Camilli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raoul JP","family":"Bonnal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Del Grosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Iacono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Corti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ermanno","family":"Rizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magda","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Mulas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Iannelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Superti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco R","family":"Oggioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"De Bellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Pantosti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7045","key":"1327_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7045.1521","volume":"312","author":"SK Obaro","year":"1996","unstructured":"Obaro SK, Monteil MA, Henderson DC: The pneumococcal problem. 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