{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T14:08:26Z","timestamp":1761919706737},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Lyme borreliosis, caused by tick-borne <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>, is a multi-phasic, multi-system disease in humans. Similar to humans, C3H mice develop arthritis and carditis, with resolution and periodic bouts of recurrence over the course of persistent infection. <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> arthritis-related protein (Arp\/BBF01), a highly conserved protein among <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> s.s. isolates, has been shown to be antigenic in humans with Lyme borreliosis, and a target for antibody-mediated disease resolution in the mouse model.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A mutant strain of <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> s.s. deficient of the <jats:italic>arp<\/jats:italic> gene and a complemented version of that mutant were created and examined for phenotypic effects in mice compared to wild-type <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>. Deletion of <jats:italic>arp<\/jats:italic> did not abolish infectivity, but did result in a higher infectious dose compared to wild-type <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>, which was restored by complementation. Spirochete burdens in tissues of C3H-<jats:italic>scid<\/jats:italic> mice were lower when infected with the <jats:italic>arp<\/jats:italic> mutant, compared to wild-type, but arthritis was equally severe. Spirochete burdens were also lower in C3H mice infected with the <jats:italic>arp<\/jats:italic> mutant, but disease was markedly reduced. Ticks that fed upon infected C3H mice were able to acquire infection with both wild-type and <jats:italic>arp<\/jats:italic> mutant spirochetes. Arp mutant spirochetes were marginally able to be transmitted to na\u00efve hosts by infected ticks.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These results indicated that deletion of BBF01\/<jats:italic>arp<\/jats:italic> did not abrogate, but diminished infectivity and limited spirochete burdens in tissues of both immunocompetent and immunodeficient hosts, and attenuated, but did not abolish the ability of ticks to acquire or transmit infection.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-13-100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,7]],"date-time":"2013-05-07T12:15:47Z","timestamp":1367928947000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Influence of arthritis-related protein (BBF01) on infectivity of Borrelia burgdorferi B31"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Denise","family":"Imai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Holden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric M","family":"Velazquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunlian","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emir","family":"Hodzic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen W","family":"Barthold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2018_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-5-725","volume":"107","author":"AC Steere","year":"1987","unstructured":"Steere AC, Schoen RT, Taylor E: The clinical evolution of Lyme arthritis. Ann Intern Med. 1987, 107: 725-731. 10.7326\/0003-4819-107-5-725.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2018_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI21681","volume":"113","author":"AC Steere","year":"2004","unstructured":"Steere AC, Coburn J, Glickstein L: The emergence of Lyme disease. J Clin Invest. 2004, 113: 1093-1101.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2018_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198908313210906","volume":"321","author":"AC Steere","year":"1989","unstructured":"Steere AC: Lyme disease. N Engl J Med. 1989, 321: 586-596. 10.1056\/NEJM198908313210906.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2018_CR4","first-page":"951","volume":"143","author":"SW Barthold","year":"1993","unstructured":"Barthold SW, de Souza MS, Janotka JL, Smith AL, Persing DH: Chronic Lyme borreliosis in the laboratory mouse. Am J Pathol. 1993, 143 (3): 951-971.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2018_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5190","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.9.5190-5197.2000","volume":"68","author":"MD McKisic","year":"2000","unstructured":"McKisic MD, Barthold SW: T-cell-independent responses to Borrelia burgdorferi are critical for protective immunity and resolution of Lyme disease. Infect Immun. 2000, 68: 5190-5197. 10.1128\/IAI.68.9.5190-5197.2000.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2018_CR6","first-page":"57","volume":"74","author":"SW Barthold","year":"1996","unstructured":"Barthold SW, de Souza M, Feng S: Serum-mediated resolution of Lyme arthritis in mice. Lab Invest. 1996, 74: 57-67.","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"2018_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1086\/516166","volume":"25","author":"SW Barthold","year":"1997","unstructured":"Barthold SW, Feng S, Bockenstedt LK, Fikrig E, Feen K: Protective and arthritis- resolving activity in serum from mice infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. Clin Infect Dis. 1997, 25: S9-S17. 10.1086\/516166.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2018_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4817","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00469-06","volume":"74","author":"SW Barthold","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barthold SW, Hodzic E, Tunev S, Feng S: Antibody-mediated disease remission in the mouse model of Lyme borreliosis. Infect Immun. 2006, 74: 4817-4825. 10.1128\/IAI.00469-06.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2018_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(97)01074-0","volume":"13","author":"AM de Silva","year":"1997","unstructured":"de Silva AM, Fikrig E: Borrelia burgdorferi genes selectively expressed in ticks and mammals. Parasit Today. 1997, 13: 267-270. 10.1016\/S0169-4758(97)01074-0.","journal-title":"Parasit Today"},{"key":"2018_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119169","volume":"99","author":"AM de Silva","year":"1997","unstructured":"de Silva AM, Fikrig E: Arthropod- and host-specific gene expression by Borrelia burgdorferi. J Clin Invest. 1997, 99: 377-379. 10.1172\/JCI119169.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2018_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2827","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.6.2827-2835.1998","volume":"66","author":"S Feng","year":"1998","unstructured":"Feng S, Hodzic E, Stevenson B, Barthold SW: Humoral immunity to Borrelia burgdorferi N40 decorin binding proteins during infection of laboratory mice. Infect Immun. 1998, 66: 2827-2835.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2018_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4169","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.7.4169-4173.2000","volume":"68","author":"S Feng","year":"2000","unstructured":"Feng S, Hodzic E, Barthold SW: Lyme arthritis resolution with antiserum to a 37- kilodalton Borrelia burgdorferi protein. Infect Immun. 2000, 68: 4169-4173. 10.1128\/IAI.68.7.4169-4173.2000.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2018_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01171.x","volume":"31","author":"E Fikrig","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fikrig E, Chen M, Barthold SW, Anguita J, Feng W, TelfordIII SR, Flavell RA: Borrelia burgdorferi erpT expression in the arthropod vector and murine host. Mol Microbiol. 1999, 31: 281-290. 10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01171.x.","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"2018_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.5.2143-2153.1998","volume":"66","author":"MS Hanson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hanson MS, Cassatt DR, Guo BP, Patel NK, McCarthy MP, Dorward DW, Hook M: Active and passive immunity against Borrelia burgdorferi decorin binding protein A (DbpA) protects against infection. Infect Immun. 1998, 66: 2143-2153.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2018_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4759","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.8.4759-4764.2000","volume":"68","author":"KE Hagman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hagman KE, Yang X, Wikel SK, Schoeler GB, Caimano MJ, Radolph JD, Norgard MV: Decorin-binding protein A (DbpA) of Borrelia burgdorferi is not protective when immunized mice are challenged via tick infestation and correlates with the lack of DbpA expression by B. burgdorferi in ticks. Infect Immun. 2000, 68: 4759-4764. 10.1128\/IAI.68.8.4759-4764.2000.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2018_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7211","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.12.7211-7214.2003","volume":"71","author":"S Feng","year":"2003","unstructured":"Feng S, Hodzic E, Freet K, Barthold SW: Immunogenicity of Borrelia burgdorferi arthritis-related protein. Infect Immun. 2003, 71: 7211-7214. 10.1128\/IAI.71.12.7211-7214.2003.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2018_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011870","volume":"195","author":"FT Liang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Liang FT, Jacobs MB, Bowers LC, Philipp MT: An immune evasion mechanism for spirochetal persistence in Lyme borreliosis. J Exp Med. 2002, 195: 415-422. 10.1084\/jem.20011870.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2018_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199903)29:03<946::AID-IMMU946>3.0.CO;2-P","volume":"29","author":"W Zhong","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zhong W, Gern L, Stehle T, Museteanu C, Kramer M, Wallich R, Simon MM: Resolution of experimental and tick-borne Borrelia burgdorferi infection in mice by passive, but not active immunization using recombinant OspC. Eur J Immunol. 1999, 29: 946-957. 10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199903)29:03<946::AID-IMMU946>3.0.CO;2-P.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2018_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3382","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.7.3382-3388.2002","volume":"70","author":"E Hodzic","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hodzic E, Feng S, Freet KJ, Borjesson DL, Barthold SW: Borrelia burgdorferi population kinetics and selected gene expression at the host-vector interface. Infect Immun. 2002, 70: 3382-3388. 10.1128\/IAI.70.7.3382-3388.2002.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2018_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2951","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.5.2951-2957.2005","volume":"73","author":"CA Salazar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Salazar CA, Rothemich M, Drouin EE, Glickstein L, Steere AC: Human Lyme arthritis and the immunoglobulin G antibody response to the 37-kilodalton arthritis-related protein of Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect Immun. 2005, 73: 2951-2957. 10.1128\/IAI.73.5.2951-2957.2005.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2018_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002066","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002066","volume":"7","author":"SS Tunev","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tunev SS, Hastey CJ, Hodzic E, Feng S, Barthold SW, Baumgarth N: Lymphadenopathy during Lyme borreliosis is caused by spirochete migration- induced specific B cell activation. PLoS Pathog. 2011, 7: e1002066-10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002066.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2018_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5042","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.9.5042-5055.2003","volume":"71","author":"E Hodzic","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hodzic E, Feng S, Freet K, Barthold SW: Borrelia burgdorferi population dynamics and prototype gene expression during infection of immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice. Infect Immun. 2003, 71: 5042-5055. 10.1128\/IAI.71.9.5042-5055.2003.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2018_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5759","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.10.5759-5767.2004","volume":"72","author":"FT Liang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Liang FT, Yan J, Mbow ML, Sviat SL, Gilmore RD, Mamula M, Fikrig E: Borrelia burgdorferi changes its surface antigenic expression in response to host immune responses. Infect Immun. 2004, 72: 5759-5767. 10.1128\/IAI.72.10.5759-5767.2004.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2018_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.5.1920-1926.1994","volume":"62","author":"WS Probert","year":"1994","unstructured":"Probert WS, LeFebvre RB: Protection of C3H\/HeN mice from challenge with Borrelia burgdorferi through active immunization with OspA, OspB, or OspC, but not with OspD or the 83-kilodalton antigen. Infect Immun. 1994, 62: 1920-1926.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2018_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05895.x","volume":"65","author":"T Bankhead","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bankhead T, Chaconas G: The role of VlsE antigenic variation in the Lyme disease spirochete: persistence through a mechanism that differs from other pathogens. Mol Microbiol. 2007, 65: 1547-1558. 10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05895.x.","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"2018_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4608","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.8.4608-4613.2003","volume":"71","author":"M Labandeira-Rey","year":"2003","unstructured":"Labandeira-Rey M, Seshu J, Skare J: The absence of linear plasmid 25 or 28\u20131 of Borrelia burgdorferi dramatically alters the kinetics of experimental infection via distinct mechanisms. Infect Immun. 2003, 71: 4608-4613. 10.1128\/IAI.71.8.4608-4613.2003.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2018_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.1.446-455.2001","volume":"69","author":"M Labandeira-Rey","year":"2001","unstructured":"Labandeira-Rey M, Skare JT: Decreased infectivity in Borrelia burgdorferi strain B31 is associated with loss of linear plasmid 25 or 28\u20131. Infect Immun. 2001, 69: 446-455. 10.1128\/IAI.69.1.446-455.2001.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2018_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13865","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.25.13865","volume":"97","author":"JE Purser","year":"2000","unstructured":"Purser JE, Norris SJ: Correlation between plasmid content and infectivity of Borrelia burgdorferi. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000, 97: 13865-13870. 10.1073\/pnas.97.25.13865.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2018_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7208","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.11.7208-7215.2005","volume":"73","author":"Q Xu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Xu Q, Seemanapalli SV, Lomax L, McShan K, Li X, Fikrig E, Liang FT: Association of linear plasmid 28\u20131 with an arthritic phenotype of Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect Immun. 2005, 73: 7208-7215. 10.1128\/IAI.73.11.7208-7215.2005.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2018_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070962","volume":"205","author":"U Pal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pal U, Wang P, Bao F, Yang X, Samanta S, Schoen R, Wormser GP, Schwartz I, Fikrig E: Borrelia burgdorferi basic membrane proteins A and B participate in the genesis of Lyme arthritis. J Exp Med. 2008, 205: 133-141. 10.1084\/jem.20070962.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2018_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.4.2154-2160.2006","volume":"74","author":"LK Bockenstedt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bockenstedt LK, Liu N, Schwartz I, Fish D: MyD88 deficiency enhances acquisition and transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi by Ixodes scapularis ticks. Infect Immun. 2006, 74: 2154-2160. 10.1128\/IAI.74.4.2154-2160.2006.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2018_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1089\/153036601316977750","volume":"1","author":"E Hodzic","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hodzic E, Borjesson DL, Feng S, Barthold SW: Acquisition dynamics of Borrelia burgdorferi and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis at the host-agent interface. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2001, 1: 149-158. 10.1089\/153036601316977750.","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"2018_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.12.121","volume":"8","author":"F Kung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kung F, Anguita J, Pal U: Borrelia burgdorferi and tick proteins supporting pathogen persistence in the vector. Future Microbiol. 2013, 8: 41-56. 10.2217\/fmb.12.121.","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2018_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1992.47.249","volume":"47","author":"AL Armstrong","year":"1992","unstructured":"Armstrong AL, Barthold SW, Persing DH, Beck DS: Carditis in Lyme disease susceptible and resistant strains of laboratory mice infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1992, 47 (2): 249-258.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2018_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1992.47.605","volume":"47","author":"SW Barthold","year":"1992","unstructured":"Barthold SW, Sidman CL, Smith AL: Lyme borreliosis in genetically resistant and susceptible mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1992, 47: 605-613.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2018_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01698.x","volume":"35","author":"S Casjens","year":"2000","unstructured":"Casjens S, Palmer N, van Vugt R, Huang WM, Stevenson B, Rosa P, Lathigra R, Sutton G, Peterson J, Dodson RJ, et al: A bacterial genome in flux: the twelve linear and nine circular extrachromosomal DNAs in an infectious isolate of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Mol Microbiol. 2000, 35: 490-516.","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"2018_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/37551","volume":"390","author":"CM Fraser","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fraser CM, Casjens S, Huang WM, Sutton GG, Clayton R, Lathigra R, White O, Ketchum KA, Dodson R, Hickey EK, et al: Genomic sequence of a Lyme disease spirochaete, Borrelia burgdorferi. Nature. 1997, 390: 580-586. 10.1038\/37551.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2018_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5938","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.10.5938-5946.2004","volume":"72","author":"D Grimm","year":"2004","unstructured":"Grimm D, Eggers CH, Caimano MJ, Tilly K, Stewart PE, Elias AF, Radolf JD, Rosa PA: Experimental assessment of the roles of linear plasmids lp25 and lp28\u20131 of Borrelia burgdorferi throughout the infectious cycle. Infect Immun. 2004, 72: 5938-5946. 10.1128\/IAI.72.10.5938-5946.2004.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2018_CR39","first-page":"521","volume":"57","author":"AG Barbour","year":"1984","unstructured":"Barbour AG: Isolation and cultivation of Lyme disease spirochetes. Yale J Biol Med. 1984, 57: 521-525.","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"2018_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6045","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.19.6045-6049.1994","volume":"176","author":"DS Samuels","year":"1994","unstructured":"Samuels DS, Mach KE, Garon CF: Genetic transformation of the Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi with coumarin-resistant gyrB. J Bacteriol. 1994, 176: 6045-6049.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"2018_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.2.670","volume":"98","author":"J Ohnishi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ohnishi J, Piesman J, de Silva A: Antigenic and genetic heterogeneity of Borrelia burgdorferi populations transmitted by ticks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001, 98: 670-675. 10.1073\/pnas.98.2.670.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2018_CR42","first-page":"263","volume":"139","author":"SW Barthold","year":"1991","unstructured":"Barthold SW, Persing DH, Armstrong AL, Peeples RA: Kinetics of Borrelia burgdorferi dissemination and evolution of disease following intradermal inoculation of mice. Am J Pathol. 1991, 139: 263-273.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2018_CR43","first-page":"493","volume":"27","author":"LJ Reed","year":"1938","unstructured":"Reed LJ, Muench H: A simple method of estimating fifty per cent endpoints. Am J Hyg. 1938, 27: 493-497.","journal-title":"Am J Hyg"}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2180-13-100.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T00:32:04Z","timestamp":1630542724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2180-13-100"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,7]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2180-13-100","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 January 2013","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2013","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2013","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"100"}}