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However, the role of Hfq in <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>influenzae<\/jats:italic> is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Deletion mutants of <jats:italic>hfq<\/jats:italic> were generated in the nontypeable <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>influenzae<\/jats:italic> strains R2866 and 86-028NP to assess the role of Hfq in these well characterized but genotypically and phenotypically divergent clinical isolates. A deletion mutation of <jats:italic>hfq<\/jats:italic> had no effect on growth of <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>influenzae<\/jats:italic> in nutrient rich media and had no effect on survival in several stressful conditions <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. However, the mutation resulted in a reduced ability to utilize heme from hemoglobin. The mutant and wild type strains were assessed for virulence and competitive fitness in models of invasive disease and otitis media. In the chinchilla model of otitis media, the <jats:italic>hfq<\/jats:italic> mutant of 86-028NP exhibited impaired competitive fitness when compared to its wild type progenitor but exhibited no apparent defect in virulence. In the infant rat model, deletion of <jats:italic>hfq<\/jats:italic> in R2866 resulted in reduced bacterial titers in blood and a shorter duration of infection when compared to the wild type strain in the competitive fitness study.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We conclude that Hfq is involved in the utilization of essential nutrients and facilitates infection by <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>influenzae<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-13-134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,16]],"date-time":"2013-06-16T00:14:32Z","timestamp":1371341672000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The role of the RNA chaperone Hfq in Haemophilus influenzae pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Randy J","family":"Hempel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel J","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas W","family":"Seale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul W","family":"Whitby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terrence L","family":"Stull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2009_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-18-1-1","volume":"18","author":"DC Turk","year":"1984","unstructured":"Turk DC: The pathogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae. 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