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In this study the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates from a UK-wide survey of\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      in retail poultry in 2001 and 2004\u20135 was investigated. The occurrence of phenotypes resistant to tetracycline, quinolones (ciprofloxacin and naladixic acid), erythromycin, chloramphenicol and aminoglycosides was quantified. This was compared with a phylogeny for these isolates based upon Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) to investigate the pattern of antimicrobial resistance acquisition.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antimicrobial resistance was present in all lineage clusters, but statistical testing showed a non-random distribution. Erythromycin resistance was associated with\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      . For all antimicrobials tested, resistant isolates were distributed among relatively distant lineages indicative of widespread acquisition. There was also evidence of clustering of resistance phenotypes within lineages; indicative of local expansion of resistant strains.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These results are consistent with the widespread acquisition of antimicrobial resistance among chicken associated\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates, either through mutation or horizontal gene transfer, and the expansion of these lineages as a proportion of the population. As\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      are not known to multiply outside of the host and long-term carriage in humans is extremely infrequent in industrialized countries, the most likely location for the proliferation of resistant lineages is in farmed chickens.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-13-160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,15]],"date-time":"2013-07-15T12:15:11Z","timestamp":1373890511000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Widespread acquisition of antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter isolates from UK retail poultry and evidence for clonal expansion of resistant lineages"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Helen ML","family":"Wimalarathna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith F","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy J","family":"Lawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Elson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Meldrum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine L","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin CJ","family":"Maiden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noel D","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel K","family":"Sheppard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2036_CR1","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Campylobacter","author":"CJ Friedman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Friedman CJ, Neiman J, Wegener HC, Tauxe RV: Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni infections in the United States and other industrialised nations. 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