{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T16:30:48Z","timestamp":1698942648927},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> is a major pathogen responsible for bacillary dysentery, a severe form of shigellosis. Severity of the disease depends on the virulence of the infecting strain. <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> pathogenicity is a multi-gene phenomenon, involving the participation of genes on an unstable large virulence plasmid and chromosomal pathogenicity islands.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay was developed to detect <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic> 2a from rural regions of Zhengding (Hebei Province, China). We isolated and tested 86 strains using our mPCR assay, which targeted the <jats:italic>ipaH<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ial<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>set1B<\/jats:italic> genes. A clinical strain of <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic> 2a 51 (SF51) containing <jats:italic>ipaH<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ial<\/jats:italic>, but lacking <jats:italic>set1B<\/jats:italic> was found. The virulence of this strain was found to be markedly decreased. Further testing showed that the SF51 strain lacked <jats:italic>pic<\/jats:italic>. To investigate the role of <jats:italic>pic<\/jats:italic> in <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic> 2a infections, a <jats:italic>pic<\/jats:italic> knockout mutant (SF301<jats:italic>-<\/jats:italic>\u2206 <jats:italic>pic<\/jats:italic>) and two complementation strains, SF301<jats:italic>-<\/jats:italic>\u2206 <jats:italic>pic<\/jats:italic>\/pPic and SF51\/pPic, were created. Differences in virulence for SF51, SF301<jats:italic>-<\/jats:italic>\u2206 <jats:italic>pic<\/jats:italic>, SF301<jats:italic>-<\/jats:italic>\u2206 <jats:italic>pic<\/jats:italic>\/pPic, SF51\/pPic and <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic> 2a 301 (SF301) were compared. Compared with SF301, both SF51 and SF301<jats:italic>-<\/jats:italic>\u2206 <jats:italic>pic<\/jats:italic> exhibited lower levels of Hela cell invasion and resulted in reduced keratoconjunctivitis, with low levels of tissue damage seen in murine eye sections<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> The virulence of SF301<jats:italic>-<\/jats:italic>\u2206 <jats:italic>pic<\/jats:italic> and SF51 was partially recovered <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> through the addition of a complementary <jats:italic>pic<\/jats:italic> gene.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The <jats:italic>pic<\/jats:italic> gene appears to be involved in an increase in pathogenicity of <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic> 2a. This gene assists with bacterial invasion into host cells and alters inflammatory reactions.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-13-31","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,8]],"date-time":"2013-02-08T01:14:28Z","timestamp":1360286068000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Deletion of pic results in decreased virulence for a clinical isolate of Shigella flexneri2a from China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Junqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisheng","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xunjia","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1937_CR1","first-page":"651","volume":"77","author":"KL Kotloff","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kotloff KL, Winickoff JP, Ivanoff B, Clemens JD, Swerdlow DL, Sansonetti PJ, Adak GK, Levine MM: Global burden of Shigella infections: implications for vaccine development and implementation of control strategies. 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