{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T20:11:50Z","timestamp":1788984710712,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Cholera is still a significant public health issue in developing countries. The aetiological agent is <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic> and only two serogroups, O1 and O139, are known to cause pandemic or epidemic cholera. In contrast, non-O1\/non-O139 <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> has only been reported to cause sporadic cholera-like illness and localised outbreaks. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of non-O1\/non-O139 <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> isolates from hospitalised diarrhoeal patients in Zhejiang Province, China.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In an active surveillance of enteric pathogens in hospitalised diarrhoeal patients, nine non-O1\/non-O139 <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> isolates were identified from 746 diarrhoeal stool samples at a rate of 1.2%. These isolates and an additional 31 isolates from sporadic cases and three outbreaks were analysed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). PFGE divided the isolates into 25 PFGE types while MLST divided them into 15 sequence types (STs). A single ST, ST80, was predominant which persisted over several years in different cities and caused two outbreaks in recent years. Antibiotic resistance varied with the majority of the isolates resistant to sulphamethoxazole\/trimethoprim and nearly all isolates either resistant or intermediate to erythromycin and rifampicin. None of the isolates carried the cholera toxin genes or toxin co-regulated pilus genes but the majority carried a type III secretion system as the key virulence factor.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Non-O1\/non-O139 <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> is an important contributor to diarrhoeal infections in China. Resistance to commonly used antibiotics limits treatment options. Continuous surveillance of non-O1\/non-O139 <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> is important for control and prevention of diarrhoeal infections.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-13-52","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,5]],"date-time":"2013-03-05T07:58:39Z","timestamp":1362470319000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Molecular analysis of non-O1\/non-O139 Vibrio choleraeisolated from hospitalised patients in China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yun","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dazhi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gangqiang","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingling","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Octavia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiting","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"1917_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.62.4.1301-1314.1998","volume":"62","author":"SM Faruque","year":"1998","unstructured":"Faruque SM, Albert MJ, Mekalanos JJ: Epidemiology, genetics, and ecology of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1998, 62: 1301-1314.","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"1917_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.10.2715-2722.1995","volume":"33","author":"A Dalsgaard","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dalsgaard A, Albert MJ, Taylor DN, Shimada T, Meza R, Serichantalergs O, Echeverria P: Characterization of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 serogroups obtained from an outbreak of diarrhea in Lima, Peru. J Clin Microbiol. 1995, 33: 2715-2722.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1917_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268899002137","volume":"122","author":"A Dalsgaard","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dalsgaard A, Forslund A, Bodhidatta L, Serichantalergs O, Pitarangsi C, Pang L, Shimada T, Echeverria P: A high proportion of Vibrio cholerae strains isolated from children with diarrhoea in Bangkok, Thailand are multiple antibiotic resistant and belong to heterogenous non-O1, non-O139 O-serotypes. Epidemiol Infect. 1999, 122: 217-226. 10.1017\/S0950268899002137.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"1917_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4086","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.11.4086-4092.2001","volume":"39","author":"A Dalsgaard","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dalsgaard A, Serichantalergs O, Forslund A, Lin W, Mekalanos J, Mintz E, Shimada T, Wells JG: Clinical and environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae serogroup O141 carry the CTX phage and the genes encoding the toxin-coregulated pili. J Clin Microbiol. 2001, 39: 4086-4092. 10.1128\/JCM.39.11.4086-4092.2001.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1917_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19870","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.16.20.19870-en","volume":"16","author":"TJ Onifade","year":"2011","unstructured":"Onifade TJ, Hutchinson R, Van Zile K, Bodager D, Baker R, Blackmore C: Toxin producing Vibrio cholerae O75 outbreak, United States, March to April 2011. Eurosurveillance. 2011, 16: 19870-","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"1917_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1086\/591973","volume":"47","author":"M Tobin-D'Angelo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tobin-D'Angelo M, Smith AR, Bulens SN, Thomas S, Hodel M, Izumiya H, Arakawa E, Morita M, Watanabe H, Marin C: Severe diarrhea caused by cholera toxin-producing Vibrio cholerae serogroup O75 infections acquired in the Southeastern United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2008, 47: 1035-1040. 10.1086\/591973.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1917_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02763.x","volume":"16","author":"FA Cariri","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cariri FA, Costa AP, Melo CC, Theophilo GN, Hofer E, de Melo Neto OP, Leal NC: Characterization of potentially virulent non-O1\/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae strains isolated from human patients. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2010, 16: 62-67. 10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02763.x.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"1917_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1086\/514947","volume":"27","author":"WC Ko","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ko WC, Chuang YC, Huang GC, Hsu SY: Infections due to non-O1 Vibrio cholerae in southern Taiwan: predominance in cirrhotic patients. Clin Infect Dis: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 1998, 27: 774-780. 10.1086\/514947.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America"},{"key":"1917_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198002073020601","volume":"302","author":"PA Blake","year":"1980","unstructured":"Blake PA, Allegra DT, Snyder JD, Barrett TJ, McFarland L, Caraway CT, Feeley JC, Craig JP, Lee JV, Puhr ND: Cholera- a possible endemic focus in the United States. New Engl J Med. 1980, 302: 305-309. 10.1056\/NEJM198002073020601.","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"1917_CR10","volume-title":"Vibrio cholerae and cholera: molecular to global perspectives","author":"JM Morris Jr","year":"1994","unstructured":"Morris JM: Non-O1 group 1 Vibrio cholerae strains not associated with epidemic disease. Vibrio cholerae and cholera: molecular to global perspectives. Edited by: Wachsmuth IK, Blake PA, Olsvik O. 1994, Washington: American Society for Microbiology"},{"key":"1917_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.5.1315-1317.1993","volume":"31","author":"K Bagchi","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bagchi K, Echeverria P, Arthur JD, Sethabutr O, Serichantalergs O, Hoge CW: Epidemic of diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae non-O1 that produced heat-stable toxin among Khmers in a camp in Thailand. J Clin Microbiol. 1993, 31: 1315-1317.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1917_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-39-4-310","volume":"39","author":"T Ramamurthy","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ramamurthy T, Bag PK, Pal A, Bhattacharya SK, Bhattacharya MK, Shimada T, Takeda T, Karasawa T, Kurazono H, Takeda Y: Virulence patterns of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 strains isolated from hospitalised patients with acute diarrhoea in Calcutta, India. J Med Microbiol. 1993, 39: 310-317. 10.1099\/00222615-39-4-310.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"1917_CR13","first-page":"71","volume":"103","author":"S Rudra","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rudra S, Mahajan R, Mathur M, Kathuria K, Talwar V: Cluster of cases of clinical cholera due to Vibrio cholerae O10 in east Delhi. Indian J Med Res. 1996, 103: 71-73.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"1917_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.3.756-763.1998","volume":"36","author":"C Sharma","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sharma C, Thungapathra M, Ghosh A, Mukhopadhyay AK, Basu A, Mitra R, Basu I, Bhattacharya SK, Shimada T, Ramamurthy T: Molecular analysis of non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae associated with an unusual upsurge in the incidence of cholera-like disease in Calcutta, India. J Clin Microbiol. 1998, 36: 756-763.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1917_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268897008352","volume":"120","author":"MK Bhattacharya","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bhattacharya MK, Dutta D, Bhattacharya SK, Deb A, Mukhopadhyay AK, Nair GB, Shimada T, Takeda Y, Chowdhury A, Mahalanabis D: Association of a disease approximating cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae of serogroups other than O1 and O139. Epidemiol Infect. 1998, 120: 1-5. 10.1017\/S0950268897008352.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"1917_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02026-08","volume":"47","author":"S Chatterjee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chatterjee S, Ghosh K, Raychoudhuri A, Chowdhury G, Bhattacharya MK, Mukhopadhyay AK, Ramamurthy T, Bhattacharya SK, Klose KE, Nandy RK: Incidence, virulence factors, and clonality among clinical strains of non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae isolates from hospitalized diarrheal patients in Kolkata, India. J Clin Microbiol. 2009, 47: 1087-1095. 10.1128\/JCM.02026-08.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1917_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.04.005","volume":"11","author":"CS Teh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Teh CS, Chua KH, Thong KL: Genetic variation analysis of Vibrio cholerae using multilocus sequencing typing and multi-virulence locus sequencing typing. Infect Genet Evol. 2011, 11: 1121-1128. 10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.04.005.","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"1917_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.6.2421-2429.2001","volume":"67","author":"IN Rivera","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rivera IN, Chun J, Huq A, Sack RB, Colwell RR: Genotypes associated with virulence in environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001, 67: 2421-2429. 10.1128\/AEM.67.6.2421-2429.2001.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"1917_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.2.910-921.2001","volume":"67","author":"DV Singh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Singh DV, Matte MH, Matte GR, Jiang S, Sabeena F, Shukla BN, Sanyal SC, Huq A, Colwell RR: Molecular analysis of Vibrio cholerae O1, O139, non-O1, and non-O139 strains: clonal relationships between clinical and environmental isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001, 67: 910-921. 10.1128\/AEM.67.2.910-921.2001.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"1917_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2003.09.003","volume":"11","author":"SM Faruque","year":"2003","unstructured":"Faruque SM, Mekalanos JJ: Pathogenicity islands and phages in Vibrio cholerae evolution. Trends Microbiol. 2003, 11: 505-510. 10.1016\/j.tim.2003.09.003.","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"1917_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408992102","volume":"102","author":"SM Faruque","year":"2005","unstructured":"Faruque SM, Naser IB, Islam MJ, Faruque AS, Ghosh AN, Nair GB, Sack DA, Mekalanos JJ: Seasonal epidemics of cholera inversely correlate with the prevalence of environmental cholera phages. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005, 102: 1702-1707. 10.1073\/pnas.0408992102.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1917_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308485100","volume":"101","author":"SM Faruque","year":"2004","unstructured":"Faruque SM, Chowdhury N, Kamruzzaman M, Dziejman M, Rahman MH, Sack DA, Nair GB, Mekalanos JJ: Genetic diversity and virulence potential of environmental Vibrio cholerae population in a cholera-endemic area. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004, 101: 2123-2128. 10.1073\/pnas.0308485100.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1917_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.3.1071","volume":"96","author":"W Lin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lin W, Fullner KJ, Clayton R, Sexton JA, Rogers MB, Calia KE, Calderwood SB, Fraser C, Mekalanos JJ: Identification of a Vibrio cholerae RTX toxin gene cluster that is tightly linked to the cholera toxin prophage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999, 96: 1071-1076. 10.1073\/pnas.96.3.1071.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1917_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.52.1.45-49.1986","volume":"52","author":"M Arita","year":"1986","unstructured":"Arita M, Takeda T, Honda T, Miwatani T: Purification and characterization of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 heat-stable enterotoxin. Infect Immun. 1986, 52: 45-49.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1917_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.58.10.3325-3329.1990","volume":"58","author":"A Ogawa","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ogawa A, Kato J, Watanabe H, Nair BG, Takeda T: Cloning and nucleotide sequence of a heat-stable enterotoxin gene from Vibrio cholerae non-O1 isolated from a patient with traveler's diarrhea. Infect Immun. 1990, 58: 3325-3329.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1917_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652006000200002","volume":"48","author":"GN Theophilo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Theophilo GN, Rodrigues Ddos P, Leal NC, Hofer E: Distribution of virulence markers in clinical and environmental Vibrio cholerae non-O1\/non-O139 strains isolated in Brazil from 1991 to 2000. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2006, 48: 65-70. 10.1590\/S0036-46652006000200002.","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"1917_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01194-10","volume":"79","author":"A Alam","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alam A, Miller KA, Chaand M, Butler JS, Dziejman M: Identification of Vibrio cholerae type III secretion system effector proteins. Infect Immun. 2011, 79: 1728-1740. 10.1128\/IAI.01194-10.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1917_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3465","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409918102","volume":"102","author":"M Dziejman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dziejman M, Serruto D, Tam VC, Sturtevant D, Diraphat P, Faruque SM, Rahman MH, Heidelberg JF, Decker J, Li L: Genomic characterization of non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae reveals genes for a type III secretion system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005, 102: 3465-3470. 10.1073\/pnas.0409918102.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1917_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00106","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00106-11","volume":"2","author":"OS Shin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shin OS, Tam VC, Suzuki M, Ritchie JM, Bronson RT, Waldor MK, Mekalanos JJ: Type III secretion is essential for the rapidly fatal diarrheal disease caused by non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae. MBio. 2011, 2: e00106-00111.","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"1917_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.03.014","volume":"132","author":"D Ottaviani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ottaviani D, Leoni F, Rocchegiani E, Santarelli S, Masini L, Di Trani V, Canonico C, Pianetti A, Tega L, Carraturo A: Prevalence and virulence properties of non-O1 non-O139 Vibrio cholerae strains from seafood and clinical samples collected in Italy. Int J Food Microbiol. 2009, 132: 47-53. 10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.03.014.","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"1917_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2006.3.51","volume":"3","author":"KL Cooper","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cooper KL, Luey CK, Bird M, Terajima J, Nair GB, Kam KM, Arakawa E, Safa A, Cheung DT, Law CP: Development and validation of a PulseNet standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol for subtyping of Vibrio cholerae. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2006, 3: 51-58. 10.1089\/fpd.2006.3.51.","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis"},{"key":"1917_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1111.041170","volume":"11","author":"A Salim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Salim A, Lan R, Reeves PR: Vibrio cholerae pathogenic clones. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005, 11: 1758-1760. 10.3201\/eid1111.041170.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"1917_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.5.1518-1530.2004","volume":"186","author":"EJ Feil","year":"2004","unstructured":"Feil EJ, Li BC, Aanensen DM, Hanage WP, Spratt BG: eBURST: inferring patterns of evolutionary descent among clusters of related bacterial genotypes from multilocus sequence typing data. J Bacteriol. 2004, 186: 1518-1530. 10.1128\/JB.186.5.1518-1530.2004.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"1917_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4259","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.15.4259-4269.2002","volume":"184","author":"JW Beaber","year":"2002","unstructured":"Beaber JW, Hochhut B, Waldor MK: Genomic and functional analyses of SXT, an integrating antibiotic resistance gene transfer element derived from Vibrio cholerae. J Bacteriol. 2002, 184: 4259-4269. 10.1128\/JB.184.15.4259-4269.2002.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"1917_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4157","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.14.4157-4165.1996","volume":"178","author":"MK Waldor","year":"1996","unstructured":"Waldor MK, Tschape H, Mekalanos JJ: A new type of conjugative transposon encodes resistance to sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and streptomycin in Vibrio cholerae O139. J Bacteriol. 1996, 178: 4157-4165.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"1917_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2991","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.11.2991-3000.2001","volume":"45","author":"B Hochhut","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hochhut B, Lotfi Y, Mazel D, Faruque SM, Woodgate R, Waldor MK: Molecular analysis of antibiotic resistance gene clusters in Vibrio cholerae O139 and O1 SXT constins. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001, 45: 2991-3000. 10.1128\/AAC.45.11.2991-3000.2001.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1917_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38633","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038633","volume":"7","author":"L Yu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yu L, Zhou Y, Wang R, Lou J, Zhang L, Li J, Bi Z, Kan B: Multiple antibiotic resistance of Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 in China from 1993 to 2009. PLoS One. 2012, 7: e38633-10.1371\/journal.pone.0038633.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1917_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.023051-0","volume":"60","author":"M Kitaoka","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kitaoka M, Miyata ST, Unterweger D, Pukatzki S: Antibiotic resistance mechanisms of Vibrio cholerae. J Med Microbiol. 2011, 60: 397-407. 10.1099\/jmm.0.023051-0.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"1917_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.29.11.2517-2521.1991","volume":"29","author":"H Shirai","year":"1991","unstructured":"Shirai H, Nishibuchi M, Ramamurthy T, Bhattacharya SK, Pal SC, Takeda Y: Polymerase chain reaction for detection of the cholera enterotoxin operon of Vibrio cholerae. J Clin Microbiol. 1991, 29: 2517-2521.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1917_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2008.01385.x","volume":"289","author":"CY Tay","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tay CY, Reeves PR, Lan R: Importation of the major pilin TcpA gene and frequent recombination drive the divergence of the Vibrio pathogenicity island in Vibrio cholerae. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2008, 289: 210-218. 10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2008.01385.x.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"1917_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2004.02090.x","volume":"96","author":"NC Leal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Leal NC, Sobreira M, Leal-Balbino TC, de Almeida AM, de Silva MJ, Mello DM, Seki LM, Hofer E: Evaluation of a RAPD-based typing scheme in a molecular epidemiology study of Vibrio cholerae O1, Brazil. J Appl Microbiol. 2004, 96: 447-454. 10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2004.02090.x.","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"1917_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4145","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.11.4145-4151.2000","volume":"38","author":"B Nandi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nandi B, Nandy RK, Mukhopadhyay S, Nair GB, Shimada T, Ghose AC: Rapid method for species-specific identification of Vibrio cholerae using primers targeted to the gene of outer membrane protein OmpW. J Clin Microbiol. 2000, 38: 4145-4151.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1917_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.3.1116-1124.1999","volume":"67","author":"R Byun","year":"1999","unstructured":"Byun R, Elbourne LD, Lan R, Reeves PR: Evolutionary relationships of pathogenic clones of Vibrio cholerae by sequence analysis of four housekeeping genes. Infect Immun. 1999, 67: 1116-1124.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1917_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1997.5481909.x","volume":"25","author":"K Skorupski","year":"1997","unstructured":"Skorupski K, Taylor RK: Control of the ToxR virulence regulon in Vibrio cholerae by environmental stimuli. Mol Microbiol. 1997, 25: 1003-1009. 10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1997.5481909.x.","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"1917_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.042667999","volume":"99","author":"M Dziejman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dziejman M, Balon E, Boyd D, Fraser CM, Heidelberg JF, Mekalanos JJ: Comparative genomic analysis of Vibrio cholerae: genes that correlate with cholera endemic and pandemic disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002, 99: 1556-1561. 10.1073\/pnas.042667999.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1917_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673","volume":"22","author":"JD Thompson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ: CLUSTAL W- Impoving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position specifc gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22: 4673-4680. 10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"1917_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.26.11.2465-2466.1988","volume":"26","author":"PR Hunter","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hunter PR, Gaston MA: Numerical index of the discriminatory ability of typing systems: an application of Simpson's index of diversity. J Clin Microbiol. 1988, 26: 2465-2466.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1917_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-2920.2000.00142.x","volume":"2","author":"GM Pupo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pupo GM, Lan R, Reeves PR, Baverstock P: Population Genetics of Escherichia coli in a Natural Population of Native Australian Rats. Environ Microbiol. 2000, 2: 594-610. 10.1046\/j.1462-2920.2000.00142.x.","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"1917_CR49","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests;Approved Standard-Ninth Edition","author":"Anonymous","year":"2006","unstructured":"Anonymous: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute document M2-A9. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests;Approved Standard-Ninth Edition. 2006, 940 West Valley Road, Suite 1400, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087\u20131898 USA: Clinical And Laboratory Standards Institute, ISBN 1-56238-586-0, ninth","edition":"ninth"}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2180-13-52.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T22:33:34Z","timestamp":1630535614000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2180-13-52"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,4]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1917"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2180-13-52","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 July 2012","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2013","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2013","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"52"}}