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In special environments, <jats:italic>H. capsulatum<\/jats:italic> is commonly associated with bat and bird droppings. <jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic>-host specificity has been primarily studied in laboratory animals, and its ability to be harboured by wild animals remains as an important issue for understanding the spread of this pathogen in nature. Bats infected with <jats:italic>H. capsulatum<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic> spp. have been found, with this mammal serving as a probable reservoir and disperser; however, the co-infection of bats with both of these microorganisms has never been explored. To evaluate the impact of <jats:italic>H. capsulatum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic> spp. infections in this flying mammal, 21 bat lungs from Argentina (AR), 13 from French Guyana (FG), and 88 from Mexico (MX) were screened using nested-PCR of the fragments, employing the <jats:italic>Hcp100<\/jats:italic> locus for <jats:italic>H. capsulatum<\/jats:italic> and the <jats:italic>mtLSUrRNA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>mtSSUrRNA<\/jats:italic> loci for <jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic> organisms.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Of the 122 bats studied, 98 revealed <jats:italic>H. capsulatum<\/jats:italic> infections in which 55 of these bats exhibited this infection alone. In addition, 51 bats revealed <jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic> spp. infection of which eight bats exhibited a <jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic> infection alone. A total of 43 bats (eight from AR, one from FG, and 34 from MX) were found co-infected with both fungi, representing a co-infection rate of 35.2% (95% CI\u2009=\u200926.8-43.6%).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The data highlights the <jats:italic>H. capsulatum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic> spp.co-infection in bat population\u2019s suggesting interplay with this wild host.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-14-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]],"date-time":"2014-02-05T02:01:41Z","timestamp":1391565701000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Histoplasma capsulatum and Pneumocystis spp. co-infection in wild bats from Argentina, French Guyana, and Mexico"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Antonio E","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile M","family":"Aliouat-Denis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A","family":"Ram\u00edrez-B\u00e1rcenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Demanche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muriel","family":"Pottier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E","family":"Carreto-Binaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haroon","family":"Akbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Derouiche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magalie","family":"Chab\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El Moukhtar","family":"Aliouat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Dei-Cas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Lucia","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2188_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1201.051083","volume":"12","author":"H Anderson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Anderson H, Honish L, Taylor G, Johnson M, Tovstiuk C, Fanning A, Tyrrell G, Rennie R, Jaipaul J, Sand C, Probert S: Histoplasmosis cluster, golf course, Canada. 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