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The physiological significance of the VBNC state is unclear and controversial: it could be an adaptive response favoring long-term survival; or the consequence of cellular deterioration which, despite maintenance of certain features of viable cells, leads to death; or an injured state leading to an artificial loss of culturability during the plating procedure. VBNC cells have been found to be resuscitated by contact with <jats:italic>amoebae.<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We used quantitative microscopic analysis, to investigate this \u201cresuscitation\u201d phenomenon in <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic> in a model involving amending solid plating media with ROS scavengers (pyruvate or glutamate), and co-culture with <jats:italic>amoebae<\/jats:italic>. Our results suggest that the restoration observed in the presence of pyruvate and glutamate may be mostly due to the capacity of these molecules to help the injured cells to recover after a stress. We report evidence that this extracellular signal leads to a transition from a not-culturable form to a culturable form of <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>, providing a technique for recovering virulent and previously uncultivated forms of <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These new media could be used to reduce the risk of underestimation of counts of virulent of <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic> cells in environmental samples.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-14-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,2]],"date-time":"2014-01-02T18:02:15Z","timestamp":1388685735000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Characterization and resuscitation of \u2018non-culturable\u2019 cells of Legionella pneumophila"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Adrien","family":"Ducret","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u00efal\u00e8ne","family":"Chabalier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Dukan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2173_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00185888","volume":"32","author":"Fliermans","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fliermans: Ecology of legionella: from data to knowledge with a little wisdom. 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