{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T04:17:00Z","timestamp":1728361020790},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,24]],"date-time":"2004-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1103846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,24]],"date-time":"2004-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1103846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p><jats:italic>Enterobacter aerogenes<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> are common isolates in clinical microbiology and important as producers of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBL). The discrimination between both species, which is routinely based on biochemical characteristics, is generally accepted to be straightforward. Here we report that genotypically unrelated strains of <jats:italic>E. aerogenes<\/jats:italic> can be misidentified as <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> by routine laboratories using standard biochemical identification and using identification automates.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Ten clinical isolates, identified as <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>K. terrigena<\/jats:italic> with the routinely used biochemical tests and with API-20E, were identified as <jats:italic>E. aerogenes<\/jats:italic> by tDNA-PCR \u2013 an identification that was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing for five of these isolates. Misidentification also occurred when using the automated identification systems Vitek 2 and Phoenix, and was due to delayed positivity for ornithine decarboxylase and motility. Subculture and prolonged incubation resulted in positive results for ornithine decarboxylase and for motility. It could be shown by RAPD-analysis that the <jats:italic>E. aerogenes<\/jats:italic> strains belonged to different genotypes.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Clinical <jats:italic>E. aerogenes<\/jats:italic> isolates can be easily misidentified as <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> due to delayed positivity for ornithine decarboxylase and motility. The phenomenon may be widespread, since it was shown to occur among genotypically unrelated strains from different hospitals and different isolation dates. A useful clue for correct identification is the presence of an inducible \u03b2-lactamase, which is highly unusual for <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>. In several instances, the use of genotypic techniques like tDNA-PCR may circumvent problems of phenotypic identification.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-4-49","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,12]],"date-time":"2005-01-12T19:28:03Z","timestamp":1105558083000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacter aerogenes phenotypically misidentified as Klebsiella pneumoniae or K. terrigena"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Geert","family":"Claeys","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"De Baere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georges","family":"Wauters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Vandecandelaere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerda","family":"Verschraegen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Muylaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Vaneechoutte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"147_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1198-743x.2001.00330.x","volume":"7","author":"M Gniadkowski","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gniadkowski M: Evolution and epidemiology of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs) and ESBL-producing microorganisms. 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