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However, nucleotide sequences highly homologous to the meningococcal <jats:italic>ggt<\/jats:italic> gene were found in the genomes of <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> isolates.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The gonococcal homologue (<jats:italic>\n                <jats:underline>g<\/jats:underline>\n              <\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:italic>gt<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:underline>g<\/jats:underline> onococcal <jats:underline>h<\/jats:underline> omologue; <jats:italic>\n                <jats:underline>g<\/jats:underline>\n              <\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:italic>gh<\/jats:italic>) was analyzed. The nucleotide sequence of the <jats:italic>ggh<\/jats:italic> gene was approximately 95 % identical to that of the meningococcal <jats:italic>ggt<\/jats:italic> gene. An open reading frame in the <jats:italic>ggh<\/jats:italic> gene was disrupted by an ochre mutation and frameshift mutations induced by a 7-base deletion, but the amino acid sequences deduced from the artificially corrected <jats:italic>ggh<\/jats:italic> nucleotide sequences were approximately 97 % identical to that of the meningococcal <jats:italic>ggt<\/jats:italic> gene. The analyses of the sequences flanking the <jats:italic>ggt<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ggh<\/jats:italic> genes revealed that both genes were localized in a common DNA region containing the <jats:italic>fbp-ggt<\/jats:italic> (or <jats:italic>ggh)-glyA-opcA-dedA-abcZ<\/jats:italic> gene cluster. The expression of the <jats:italic>ggh<\/jats:italic> RNA could be detected by dot blot, RT-PCR and primer extension analyses. Moreover, the truncated form of <jats:italic>ggh-<\/jats:italic> translational product was also found in some of the gonococcal isolates.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study has shown that the gonococcal <jats:italic>ggh<\/jats:italic> gene is a pseudogene of the meningococcal <jats:italic>ggt<\/jats:italic> gene, which can also be designated as \u03a8<jats:italic>ggt<\/jats:italic>. The gonococcal <jats:italic>ggh<\/jats:italic> (\u03a8<jats:italic>ggt<\/jats:italic>) gene is the first identified bacterial pseudogene that is transcriptionally active but phenotypically silent.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-5-56","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,4]],"date-time":"2005-10-04T06:14:18Z","timestamp":1128406458000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A gonococcal homologue of meningococcal \u03b3-glutamyl transpeptidase gene is a new type of bacterial pseudogene that is transcriptionally active but phenotypically silent"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haruo","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"203_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(99)80012-5","volume":"2","author":"X Nassif","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nassif X: Interaction mechanisms of encapsulated meningococci with eucaryotic cells: what does this tell us about the crossing of the blood-brain barrier by Neisseria meningitidis?. 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