{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:48:42Z","timestamp":1790866122085,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A potentially lethal flux of hydrogen peroxide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) is continuously generated during aerobic metabolism. It follows that aerobic organisms have equipped themselves with specific H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> dismutases and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reductases, of which catalase and the alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpR) are the best-studied prokaryotic members. The sequenced <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic> Rd genome reveals one catalase, designated HktE, and no AhpR. However, <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic> type b strain Eagan (Hib), a causative agent of bacterial sepsis and meningitis in young children, disrupted in its <jats:italic>hktE<\/jats:italic> gene is not attenuated in virulence, and retains the ability to rapidly scavenge H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. This redundancy in H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-scavenging is accounted for by peroxidatic activity which specifically uses glutathione as the reducing substrate.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We show here that inside acatalasaemic <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic> all of the residual peroxidatic activity is catalyzed by PGdx, a hybrid peroxiredoxin-glutaredoxin glutathione-dependent peroxidase. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> kinetic assays on crude <jats:italic>hktE<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n              <jats:italic>pgdx<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n              <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic> Rd extracts revealed the presence of NAD(P)H:peroxide oxidoreductase activity, which, however, appears to be physiologically insignificant because of its low affinity for H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub> = 1.1 mM). Hydroperoxidase-deficient <jats:italic>hktE<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n              <jats:italic>pgdx<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n              <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic> Rd showed a slightly affected aerobic growth phenotype in rich broth, while, in chemically defined medium, growth was completely inhibited by aerobic conditions, unless the medium contained an amino acid\/vitamin supplement. To study the role of PGdx in virulence and to assess the requirement of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-scavenging during the course of infection, both a <jats:italic>pgdx<\/jats:italic> single mutant and a <jats:italic>pgdx<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>hktE<\/jats:italic> double mutant of Hib were assayed for virulence in an infant rat model. The ability of both mutant strains to cause bacteremia was unaffected.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Catalase (HktE) and a sole peroxidase (PGdx) account for the majority of scavenging of metabolically generated H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in the <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic> cytoplasm. Growth experiments with hydroperoxidase-deficient <jats:italic>hktE<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n              <jats:italic>pgdx<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n              <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic> Rd suggest that the cytotoxicity inflicted by the continuous accumulation of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> during aerobic growth brings about bacteriostasis rather than bacterial killing. Finally, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-scavenging is not a determinant of Hib virulence in the infant rat model of infection.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-6-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,27]],"date-time":"2006-01-27T19:14:39Z","timestamp":1138389279000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Hydrogen peroxide scavenging is not a virulence determinant in the pathogenesis of Haemophilus influenzae type b strain Eagan"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Bjorn","family":"Vergauwen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Herbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jozef J","family":"Van Beeumen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"216_CR1","first-page":"29","volume":"71","author":"R Aubrey","year":"2003","unstructured":"Aubrey R, Tang C: The pathogenesis of disease due to type b Haemophilus influenzae. 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