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We identified and categorized tandem repeat arrays and their distribution throughout the genome of <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> strain K96243 in order to develop a genetic typing method for <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>. We then screened 104 of the potentially polymorphic loci across a diverse panel of 31 isolates including <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. thailandensis<\/jats:italic> in order to identify loci with varying degrees of polymorphism. A subset of these tandem repeat arrays were subsequently developed into a multiple-locus VNTR analysis to examine 66 <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> and 21 <jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic> isolates from around the world, as well as 95 lineages from a serial transfer experiment encompassing ~18,000 generations.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> contains a preponderance of tandem repeat loci throughout its genome, many of which are duplicated elsewhere in the genome. The majority of these loci are composed of repeat motif lengths of 6 to 9 bp with 4 to 10 repeat units and are predominately located in intergenic regions of the genome. Across geographically diverse <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>mallei<\/jats:italic> isolates, the 32 VNTR loci displayed between 7 and 28 alleles, with Nei's diversity values ranging from 0.47 and 0.94. Mutation rates for these loci are comparable (&gt;10<jats:sup>-5<\/jats:sup> per locus per generation) to that of the most diverse tandemly repeated regions found in other less diverse bacteria.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The frequency, location and duplicate nature of tandemly repeated regions within the <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> genome indicate that these tandem repeat regions may play a role in generating and maintaining adaptive genomic variation. Multiple-locus VNTR analysis revealed extensive diversity within the global isolate set containing <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic>, and it detected genotypic differences within clonal lineages of both species that were identical using previous typing methods. Given the health threat to humans and livestock and the potential for <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> to be released intentionally, MLVA could prove to be an important tool for fine-scale epidemiological or forensic tracking of this increasingly important environmental pathogen.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-7-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,2]],"date-time":"2007-05-02T15:23:27Z","timestamp":1178119407000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Tandem repeat regions within the Burkholderia pseudomallei genome and their application for high resolution genotyping"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jana M","family":"U'Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M","family":"Schupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talima","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidie","family":"Hornstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine L Clark","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimothy L","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca R Leadem","family":"Daugherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shane D","family":"Rhoton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Leadem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shalamar","family":"Georgia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Cardon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn Y","family":"Huynh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"DeShazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven P","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Robison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Gal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J","family":"Mayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart J","family":"Currie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Keim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9370","key":"340_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13374-0","volume":"361","author":"NJ White","year":"2003","unstructured":"White NJ: Melioidosis. 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