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The objective of this work was to study the characteristics of \u03b2-lactamases and their genes in strains of <jats:italic>Y. intermedia<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Y. frederiksenii<\/jats:italic>, isolated from clinical and non-clinical sources in India.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The enzymes, Bla-A (a constitutive class A penicillinase) and Bla-B (an inducible class C cephalosporinase) were found to be present in all the clinical and non-clinical strains of <jats:italic>Y. intermedia<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Y. frederiksenii<\/jats:italic> by double disc diffusion method. The results showed differential expression of Bla-A as indicated by presence\/absence of synergy whereas expression of Bla-B was quite consistent. The presence of these enzymes was also reflected in the high minimum inhibitory concentrations, MIC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> (126\u20131024 mg\/L) and MIC<jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub> (256\u20131024 mg\/L) of \u03b2-lactam antibiotics against these species. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) revealed heterogeneity in both <jats:italic>blaA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>blaB<\/jats:italic> genes of <jats:italic>Y. intermedia<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Y. frederiksenii<\/jats:italic>. The <jats:italic>blaA<\/jats:italic> gene of <jats:italic>Y. intermedia<\/jats:italic> shared significant sequence identity (87\u201396%) with <jats:italic>blaA<\/jats:italic> of <jats:italic>Y. enterocolitica<\/jats:italic> biovars 1A, 1B and 4. The sequence identity of <jats:italic>blaA<\/jats:italic> of <jats:italic>Y. frederiksenii<\/jats:italic> with these biovars was 77\u201379%. The sequence identity of <jats:italic>blaB<\/jats:italic> gene of <jats:italic>Y. intermedia<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Y. frederiksenii<\/jats:italic> was more (85%) with that of <jats:italic>Y. enterocolitica<\/jats:italic> biovars 1A, 1B and 2 compared to other species <jats:italic>viz<\/jats:italic>., <jats:italic>Y. bercovieri<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Y. aldovae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Y. ruckeri<\/jats:italic>. Isoelectric focusing data further revealed that both <jats:italic>Y. intermedia<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Y. frederiksenii<\/jats:italic> produced Bla-A (pI 8.7) and \"Bla-B like\" (pI 5.5\u20137.1) enzymes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Both <jats:italic>Y. intermedia<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Y. frederiksenii<\/jats:italic> showed presence of <jats:italic>blaA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>blaB<\/jats:italic> genes and unequivocal expression of the two \u03b2-lactamases. Limited heterogeneity was detected in <jats:italic>blaA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>blaB<\/jats:italic> genes as judged by PCR-RFLP. Phylogenetic relationships showed that the two species shared a high degree of identity in their <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic> genes. This is the first study reporting characteristics of \u03b2-lactamases and their genes in strains of <jats:italic>Y. intermedia<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Y. frederiksenii<\/jats:italic> isolated from Asian region.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-7-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,2]],"date-time":"2007-05-02T15:37:55Z","timestamp":1178120275000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Characteristics of \u03b2-lactamases and their genes (blaA and blaB) in Yersinia intermedia and Y. frederiksenii"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Shilpi","family":"Mittal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarita","family":"Mallik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachin","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jugsharan S","family":"Virdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"342_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(00)00311-7","volume":"2","author":"A Sulakvelidze","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sulakvelidze A: Yersiniae other than Y. enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Y. pestis: the ignored species. 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