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Increased understanding of the biology of this organism is important in the prevention of food borne listeriosis.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The infectivity of\n                      <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                      ScottA, cultivated with and without oxygen restriction, was compared in\n                      <jats:italic>vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Fluorescent protein labels were applied to allow certain identification of\n                      <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                      cells from untagged bacteria in\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      samples, and to distinguish between cells grown under different conditions in mixed infection experiments.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Infection of Caco-2 cells revealed that\n                      <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                      cultivated under oxygen-restricted conditions were approximately 100 fold more invasive than similar cultures grown without oxygen restriction. This was observed for exponentially growing bacteria, as well as for stationary-phase cultures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Oral dosage of guinea pigs with\n                      <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                      resulted in a significantly higher prevalence (p &lt; 0.05) of these bacteria in jejunum, liver and spleen four and seven days after challenge, when the bacterial cultures had been grown under oxygen-restricted conditions prior to dosage. Additionally, a 10\u2013100 fold higher concentration of\n                      <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                      in fecal samples was observed after dosage with oxygen-restricted bacteria. These differences were seen after challenge with single\n                      <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                      cultures, as well as with a mixture of two cultures grown with and without oxygen restriction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our results show for the first time that the environmental conditions to which\n                      <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                      is exposed prior to ingestion are decisive for its\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      infective potential in the gastrointestinal tract after passage of the gastric barrier. This is highly relevant for safety assessment of this organism in food.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-7-55","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,14]],"date-time":"2007-06-14T14:13:45Z","timestamp":1181830425000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Oxygen restriction increases the infective potential of Listeria monocytogenes in vitro in Caco-2 cells and in vivo in guinea pigs"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jens","family":"Bo Andersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bent B","family":"Roldgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bjarke Bak","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tine Rask","family":"Licht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"372_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-0233(97)80005-6","volume":"153","author":"JC Low","year":"1997","unstructured":"Low JC, Donachie W: A review of Listeria monocytogenes and listeriosis. 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