{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:52:50Z","timestamp":1793227970079,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>contains the IS<jats:italic>1111<\/jats:italic>transposase which is present 20 times in the Nine Mile phase I (9Mi\/I) genome. A single PCR primer that binds to each IS element, and primers specific to a region ~500-bp upstream of each of the 20 IS<jats:italic>1111<\/jats:italic>elements were designed. The amplified products were characterized and used to develop a repetitive element PCR genotyping method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Isolates Nine Mile phase II, Nine Mile RSA 514, Nine Mile Baca, Scottish, Ohio, Australian QD, Henzerling phase I, Henzerling phase II, M44, KAV, PAV, Q238, Q195 and WAV were tested by PCR and compared to 9Mi\/I. Sequencing was used to determine the exact differences in isolates which lacked specific IS elements or produced PCR products of differing size. From this data, an algorithm was created utilizing four primer pairs that allows for differentiation of unknown isolates into five genomic groups. Additional isolates (Priscilla Q177, Idaho Q, Qiyi, Poker Cat, Q229 and Q172) and nine veterinary samples were characterized using the algorithm which resulted in their placement into three distinct genomic groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Through this study significant differences, including missing elements and sequence alterations within and near IS element coding regions, were found between the isolates tested. Further, a method for differentiation of<jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>isolates into one of five genomic groups was created. This algorithm may ultimately help to determine the relatedness between known and unknown isolates of<jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-7-91","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,18]],"date-time":"2007-10-18T18:14:18Z","timestamp":1192731258000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["IS1111 insertion sequences of Coxiella burnetii: characterization and use for repetitive element PCR-based differentiation of Coxiella burnetii isolates"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Amy M","family":"Denison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert A","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F","family":"Massung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"408_CR1","first-page":"98","volume":"69","author":"AS Benenson","year":"1956","unstructured":"Benenson AS, Tigertt WD: Studies on Q fever in man. Trans Assoc Am Physicians. 1956, 69: 98-104.","journal-title":"Trans Assoc Am Physicians"},{"key":"408_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70052-9","volume":"5","author":"D Raoult","year":"2005","unstructured":"Raoult D, Marrie T, Mege J: Natural history and pathophysiology of Q fever. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005, 5: 219-226. 10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70052-9.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"408_CR3","first-page":"455","volume":"132","author":"MH Vodkin","year":"1986","unstructured":"Vodkin MH, Williams JC, Stephenson EH: Genetic heterogeneity among isolates of Coxiella burnetii. J Gen Microbiol. 1986, 132: 455-463.","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"408_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-137-2-269","volume":"137","author":"LR Hendrix","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hendrix LR, Samuel JE, Mallavia LP: Differentiation of Coxiella burnetii isolates by analysis of restriction-endonuclease-digested DNA separated by SDS-PAGE. J Gen Microbiol. 1991, 137: 269-276.","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"408_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1990.tb42260.x","volume":"590","author":"R Heinzen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Heinzen R, Stiegler GL, Whiting LL, Schmitt SA, Mallavia LP, Frazier ME: Use of pulsed field gel electrophoresis to differentiate Coxiella burnetii strains. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990, 590: 504-513. 10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1990.tb42260.x.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"408_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3293","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.10.3293-3297.1997","volume":"179","author":"H Willems","year":"1997","unstructured":"Willems H, Ritter M, Jager C, Thiele D: Plasmid-homologous sequences in the chromosome of plasmidless Coxiella burnetii Scurry Q217. J Bacteriol. 1997, 179: 3293-3297.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"408_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1990.tb42262.x","volume":"590","author":"EA Savinelli","year":"1990","unstructured":"Savinelli EA, Mallavia LP: Comparison of Coxiella burnetii plasmids to homologous chromosomal sequences present in a plasmidless endocarditis-causing isolate. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990, 590: 523-533. 10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1990.tb42262.x.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"408_CR8","first-page":"45","volume":"71","author":"HG Stoenner","year":"1960","unstructured":"Stoenner HG, Lackman DB: The biologic properties of Coxiella burnetii isolated from rodents collected in Utah. Am J Hyg. 1960, 71: 45-51.","journal-title":"Am J Hyg"},{"key":"408_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00155-4","volume":"89","author":"C Jager","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jager C, Lautenschlager S, Willems H, Baljer G: Coxiella burnetii plasmid types QpDG and QpH1 are closely related and likely identical. Vet Microbiol. 2002, 89: 161-166. 10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00155-4.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"408_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268897008510","volume":"120","author":"C Jager","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jager C, Willems H, Thiele D, Baljer G: Molecular characterization of Coxiella burnetii isolates. Epidemiol Infect. 1998, 120: 157-164. 10.1017\/S0950268897008510.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"408_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.041354","volume":"11","author":"O Glazunova","year":"2005","unstructured":"Glazunova O, Roux V, Freylikman O, Sekeyova Z, Fournous G, Tyczka J, Tokarevich N, Kovacava E, Marrie TJ, Raoult D: Coxiella burnetii genotyping. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005, 11: 1211-1217.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"408_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-6-38","volume":"6","author":"N Arricau-Bouvery","year":"2006","unstructured":"Arricau-Bouvery N, Hauck Y, Bejaoui A, Frangoulidis D, Bodier CC, Souriau A, Meyer H, Neubauer H, Rodolakis A, Vergnaud G: Molecular characterization of Coxiella burnetii isolates by infrequent restriction site-PCR and MLVA typing. BMC Microbiol. 2006, 6: 38-10.1186\/1471-2180-6-38.","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"408_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2005.00036.x","volume":"254","author":"S Svraka","year":"2006","unstructured":"Svraka S, Toman R, Skultety L, Slaba K, Homan WL: Establishment of a genotyping scheme for Coxiella burnetii. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2006, 254: 268-274.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"408_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.7.2309-2324.2006","volume":"188","author":"PA Beare","year":"2006","unstructured":"Beare PA, Samuel JE, Howe D, Virtaneva K, Porcella SF, Heinzen RA: Genetic diversity of the Q fever agent, Coxiella burnetii, assessed by microarray-based whole-genome comparisons. J Bacteriol. 2006, 188: 2309-2324. 10.1128\/JB.188.7.2309-2324.2006.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"408_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5455","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0931379100","volume":"100","author":"R Seshadri","year":"2003","unstructured":"Seshadri R, Paulsen IT, Eisen JA, Read TD, Nelson KE, Nelson WC, Ward NL, Tettelin H, Davidsen TM, Beanan MJ, Deboy RT, Daugherty SC, Brinkac LM, Madupu R, Dodson RJ, Khouri HM, Lee KH, Carty HA, Scanlan D, Heinzen RA, Thompson HA, Samuel JE, Fraser CM, Heidelberg JF: Complete genome sequence of the Q-fever pathogen Coxiella burnetii. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003, 100: 5455-5460. 10.1073\/pnas.0931379100.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"408_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5540","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.174.17.5540-5548.1992","volume":"174","author":"TA Hoover","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hoover TA, Vodkin MH, Williams JC: A Coxiella burnetii repeated DNA element resembling a bacterial insertion sequence. J Bacteriol. 1992, 174: 5540-5548.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"408_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6371","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.21.6371-6384.2003","volume":"185","author":"SR Partridge","year":"2003","unstructured":"Partridge SR, Hall RM: The IS1111 family members IS4321 and IS5075 have subterminal inverted repeats and target the terminal inverted repeats of Tn21 family transposons. J Bacteriol. 2003, 185: 6371-6384. 10.1128\/JB.185.21.6371-6384.2003.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"408_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2006.00544.x","volume":"267","author":"AM Denison","year":"2007","unstructured":"Denison AM, Massung RF, Thompson HA: Analysis of the O-antigen biosynthesis regions of phase II Isolates of Coxiella burnetii. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2007, 267: 102-107. 10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2006.00544.x.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"408_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1007\/s10528-006-9050-1","volume":"44","author":"BW Zhang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zhang BW, Li M, Ma LC, Wei FW: A widely applicable protocol for DNA isolation from fecal samples. Biochem Genet. 2006, 44: 494-503. 10.1007\/s10528-006-9050-1.","journal-title":"Biochem Genet"},{"key":"408_CR20","first-page":"173","volume":"36","author":"Z Ning","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ning Z, Yu SR, Quan YG, Xue Z: Molecular characterization of cloned variants of Coxiella burnetii isolated in China. Acta Virol. 1992, 36: 173-183.","journal-title":"Acta Virol"}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2180-7-91.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,14]],"date-time":"2023-05-14T12:43:00Z","timestamp":1684068180000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2180-7-91"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,18]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}},"alternative-id":["408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2180-7-91","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 March 2007","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 October 2007","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 October 2007","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"91"}}