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The 16 women and their infants provided a sample of breast milk and feces, respectively, at days 7, 14, and 35. The samples were plated onto different culture media. Staphylococcal and enterococcal isolates were submitted to genetic profiling and to a characterization scheme, including detection of potential virulence traits and sensitivity to antibiotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The feeding practice had a significant effect on bacterial counts. A total of 1,210 isolates (489 from milk, 531 from breast-fed and 190 from formula-fed infants) were identified.<jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>was the predominant species in milk and feces of breast-fed infants while it was less prevalent in those of formula fed-infants.<jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>was the second predominant bacterial species among the fecal samples provided by the breast-fed infants but it was also present in all the samples from the formula-fed ones. The biofilm-related<jats:italic>icaD<\/jats:italic>gene and the<jats:italic>mecA<\/jats:italic>gene were only detected in a low number of the<jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>strains. Several enterococcal isolates were also characterized and none of them contained the<jats:italic>cylA<\/jats:italic>or the<jats:italic>vanABDEG<\/jats:italic>antibiotic-resistance genes. All were sensitive to vancomycin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The presence of<jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>is a differential trait of the fecal microbiota of breast-fed infants. Globally, the staphyloccal isolates obtained from milk and feces of breast-fed infants contain a low number of virulence determinants and are sensitive to most of the antibiotics tested.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-8-143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,23]],"date-time":"2008-09-23T18:14:34Z","timestamp":1222193674000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"title":["Staphylococcus epidermidis: A differential trait of the fecal microbiota of breast-fed infants"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Esther","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebeca","family":"Arroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar","family":"Alb\u00fajar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manel","family":"Jariod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonides","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan M","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"576_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.5.1035s","volume":"69","author":"RI Mackie","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mackie RI, Sghir A, Gaskins HR: Developmental microbial ecology of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract. 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