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The objective of this study was to assess the possible relationships between the gut bifidobacteria composition and coeliac disease (CD) in children.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>A total of 48 faecal samples (30 and 18 samples from active and no active CD patients, respectively) and 33 duodenal biopsy specimens of CD patients (25 and 8 samples from active and non-active CD patients, respectively) were analysed. Samples (30 faecal samples and 8 biopsies) from a control age-matched group of children were also included for comparative purposes. Gut <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> genus and species were analyzed by real-time PCR.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Active and non-active CD patients showed lower numbers of total <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. longum<\/jats:italic> species in faeces and duodenal biopsies than controls, and these differences were particularly remarkable between active CD patients and controls. <jats:italic>B. catenulatum<\/jats:italic> prevalence was higher in biopsies of controls than in those of active and non-active CD patients, whereas <jats:italic>B. dentium<\/jats:italic> prevalence was higher in faeces of non-active CD patients than in controls. Correlations between levels of <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. longum<\/jats:italic> species in faecal and biopsy samples were detected in both CD patients and controls.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Reductions in total <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. longum<\/jats:italic> populations were associated with both active and non-active CD when compared to controls. These bacterial groups could constitute novel targets for adjuvant dietary therapies although the confirmation of this hypothesis would require further investigations.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-8-232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]],"date-time":"2008-12-23T07:14:37Z","timestamp":1230016477000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":188,"title":["Imbalances in faecal and duodenal Bifidobacterium species composition in active and non-active coeliac disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Maria Carmen","family":"Collado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ester","family":"Donat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Ribes-Koninckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Calabuig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yolanda","family":"Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"665_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2005.01.008","volume":"19","author":"A Fasano","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fasano A, Catassi C: Coeliac disease in children. 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