{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:18:41Z","timestamp":1791296321104,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Shiga toxin-producing <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (STEC) is an important cause of bloody diarrhoea (BD), non-bloody diarrhoea (NBD) and the haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). In Argentina and New Zealand, the most prevalent STEC serotype is O157:H7, which is responsible for the majority of HUS cases. In Australia, on the other hand, STEC O157:H7 is associated with a minority of HUS cases. The main aims of this study were to compare the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of STEC O157 strains isolated between 1993 and 1996 from humans in Argentina, Australia and New Zealand, and to establish their clonal relatedness.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Seventy-three O157 STEC strains, isolated from HUS (n = 36), BD (n = 20), NBD (n = 10), or unspecified conditions (n = 7) in Argentina, Australia and New Zealand, were analysed. The strains were confirmed to be <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> O157 by biochemical tests and serotyping. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>rfb<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>O157<\/jats:sub> genes and a genotyping method based on PCR-RFLP was used to determine <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> variants. This analysis revealed that the most frequent <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic> genotypes were <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>2c (vh-a)<\/jats:sub> (91%) in Argentina, <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (89%) in New Zealand, and <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (30%) in Australia. No <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-postive strains were identified in Argentina or New Zealand. All strains harboured the <jats:italic>eae<\/jats:italic> gene and 72 strains produced enterohaemolysin (EHEC-Hly). The clonal relatedness of strains was investigated by phage typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The most frequent phage types (PT) identified in Argentinian, Australian, and New Zealand strains were PT49 (n = 12), PT14 (n = 9), and PT2 (n = 15), respectively. Forty-six different patterns were obtained by <jats:italic>Xba<\/jats:italic>I-PFGE; 37 strains were grouped in 10 clusters and 36 strains showed unique patterns. Most clusters could be further subdivided by <jats:italic>Bln<\/jats:italic>I-PFGE.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>STEC O157 strains isolated in Argentina, Australia, and New Zealand differed from each other in terms of <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>-genotype and phage type. Additionally, no common PFGE patterns were found in strains isolated in the three countries. International collaborative studies of the type reported here are needed to detect and monitor potentially hypervirulent STEC clones.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-8-46","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,18]],"date-time":"2008-03-18T07:13:40Z","timestamp":1205824420000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Characterisation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coliO157 strains isolated from humans in Argentina, Australia and New Zealand"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Gerardo A","family":"Leotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S","family":"Miliwebsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Chinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estela M","family":"Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristy","family":"Azzopardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon M","family":"Tennant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy M","family":"Robins-Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"479_CR1","first-page":"2460","volume":"67","author":"N Pradel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pradel N, Boukhors K, Bertin Y, Forestier C, Martin C, Livrelli V: Heterogeneity of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from haemolytic-uremic patients, cattle and food samples in Central France. 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