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Pathogenic fungi use signal transduction pathways to rapidly adapt to changing environmental conditions and <jats:italic>S. schenckii<\/jats:italic> is no exception. <jats:italic>S. schenckii<\/jats:italic> yeast cells, either proliferate (yeast cell cycle) or engage in a developmental program that includes proliferation accompanied by morphogenesis (yeast to mycelium transition) depending on the environmental conditions. The principal intracellular receptors of environmental signals are the heterotrimeric G proteins, suggesting their involvement in fungal dimorphism and pathogenicity. Identifying these G proteins in fungi and their involvement in protein-protein interactions will help determine their role in signal transduction pathways.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In this work we describe a new G protein \u03b1 subunit gene in <jats:italic>S. schenckii<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ssg-2<\/jats:italic>. The cDNA sequence of <jats:italic>ssg-2<\/jats:italic> revealed a predicted open reading frame of 1,065 nucleotides encoding a 355 amino acids protein with a molecular weight of 40.9 kDa. When used as bait in a yeast two-hybrid assay, a cytoplasmic phospholipase A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> catalytic subunit was identified as interacting with SSG-2. The <jats:italic>sspla<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>\n                <jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:sub>gene, revealed an open reading frame of 2538 bp and encoded an 846 amino acid protein with a calculated molecular weight of 92.62 kDa. The principal features that characterize cPLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> were identified in this enzyme such as a phospholipase catalytic domain and the characteristic invariable arginine and serine residues. A role for SSPLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in the control of dimorphism in <jats:italic>S. schenckii<\/jats:italic> is suggested by observing the effects of inhibitors of the enzyme on the yeast cell cycle and the yeast to mycelium transition in this fungus. Phospholipase A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> inhibitors such as AACOCF3 (an analogue of archidonic acid) and isotetrandrine (an inhibitor of G protein PLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> interactions) were found to inhibit budding by yeasts induced to re-enter the yeast cell cycle and to stimulate the yeast to mycelium transition showing that this enzyme is necessary for the yeast cell cycle.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A new G protein \u03b1 subunit gene was characterized in <jats:italic>S. schenckii<\/jats:italic> and protein-protein interactions studies revealed this G protein alpha subunit interacts with a cPLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> homologue. The PLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> homologue reported here is the first phospholipase identified in <jats:italic>S. schenckii<\/jats:italic> and the first time a PLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> homologue is identified as interacting with a G protein \u03b1 subunit in a pathogenic dimorphic fungus, establishing a relationship between these G proteins and the pathogenic potential of fungi. This cPLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> homologue is known to play a role in signal transduction and fungal pathogenesis. Using cPLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> inhibitors, this enzyme was found to affect dimorphism in <jats:italic>S. schenckii<\/jats:italic> and was found to be necessary for the development of the yeast or pathogenic form of the fungus.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,19]],"date-time":"2009-05-19T18:49:19Z","timestamp":1242758959000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Cytosolic phospholipase A2: a member of the signalling pathway of a new G protein \u03b1 subunit in Sporothrix schenckii"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Shirley","family":"Valent\u00edn-Berr\u00edos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waleska","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Vel\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizaida","family":"P\u00e9rez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuri","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-del Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"771_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.44.4.683-721.1980","volume":"44","author":"LR Travassos","year":"1980","unstructured":"Travassos LR, Lloyd KO: Sporothrix schenckii and related species of Ceratocystis. 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