{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T23:24:14Z","timestamp":1771457054429,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Contamination of endoscopy equipment by <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>) frequently occurs after endoscopic examination of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-infected patients. In the hospital, manual pre-cleaning and soaking in glutaraldehyde is an important process to disinfect endoscopes. However, this might not be sufficient to remove <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> completely, and some glutaraldehyde-resistant bacteria might survive and be passed to the next patient undergoing endoscopic examination through unidentified mechanisms. We identified an Imp\/OstA protein associated with glutaraldehyde resistance in a clinical strain, NTUH-C1, from our previous study. To better understand and manage the problem of glutaraldehyde resistance, we further investigated its mechanism.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of glutaraldehyde andexpression of <jats:italic>imp\/ostA<\/jats:italic> RNA in 11 clinical isolates from the National Taiwan University Hospital were determined. After glutaraldehyde treatment, RNA expression in the strains with the MICs of 4\u201310 \u03bcg\/ml was higher than that in strains with the MICs of 1\u20133 \u03bcg\/ml. We examined the full-genome expression of strain NTUH-S1 after glutaraldehyde treatment using a microarray and found that 40 genes were upregulated and 31 genes were downregulated. Among the upregulated genes, <jats:italic>imp\/ostA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>msbA<\/jats:italic>, two putative lipopolysaccharide biogenesis genes, were selected for further characterization. The sensitivity to glutaraldehyde or hydrophobic drugs increased in both of <jats:italic>imp\/ostA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>msbA<\/jats:italic> single mutants. The <jats:italic>imp\/ostA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>msbA<\/jats:italic> double mutant was also hypersensitive to these chemicals. The lipopolysaccharide contents decreased in individual <jats:italic>imp\/ostA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>msbA<\/jats:italic> mutants and dramatically reduced in the <jats:italic>imp\/ostA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>msbA<\/jats:italic> double mutant. Outer membrane permeability assay demonstrated that the <jats:italic>imp\/ostA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>msbA<\/jats:italic> double mutation resulted in the increase of outer membrane permeability. Ethidium bromide accumulation assay demonstrated that MsbA was involved in efflux of hydrophobic drugs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The expression levels of <jats:italic>imp\/ostA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>msbA<\/jats:italic> were correlated with glutaraldehyde resistance in clinical isolates after glutaraldehyde treatment. Imp\/OstA and MsbA play a synergistic role in hydrophobic drugs resistance and lipopolysaccharide biogenesis in <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,14]],"date-time":"2009-07-14T06:14:08Z","timestamp":1247552048000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Synergistic effect of imp\/ostA and msbA in hydrophobic drug resistance of Helicobacter pylori"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hung-Chuan","family":"Chiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tzu-Lung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jyh-Chin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin-Town","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8390","key":"807_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91816-6","volume":"1","author":"BJ Marshall","year":"1984","unstructured":"Marshall BJ, Warren JR: Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration. 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