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They are currently recognized as two new <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> species, <jats:italic>B. pinnipedialis<\/jats:italic> for the pinniped isolates and <jats:italic>B. ceti<\/jats:italic> for the cetacean isolates in agreement with host preference and specific phenotypic and molecular markers. In order to investigate the genetic relationships within the marine mammal <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> isolates and with reference to terrestrial mammal <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> isolates, we applied in this study the Multiple Loci VNTR (Variable Number of Tandem Repeats) Analysis (MLVA) approach. A previously published assay comprising 16 loci (MLVA-16) that has been shown to be highly relevant and efficient for typing and clustering <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> strains from animal and human origin was used.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>294 marine mammal <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> strains collected in European waters from 173 animals and a human isolate from New Zealand presumably from marine origin were investigated by MLVA-16. Marine mammal <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> isolates were shown to be different from the recognized terrestrial mammal <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> species and biovars and corresponded to 3 major related groups, one specific of the <jats:italic>B. ceti<\/jats:italic> strains, one of the <jats:italic>B. pinnipedialis<\/jats:italic> strains and the last composed of the human isolate. In the <jats:italic>B. ceti<\/jats:italic> group, 3 subclusters were identified, distinguishing a cluster of dolphin, minke whale and porpoise isolates and two clusters mostly composed of dolphin isolates. These results were in accordance with published analyses using other phenotypic or molecular approaches, or different panels of VNTR loci. The <jats:italic>B. pinnipedialis<\/jats:italic> group could be similarly subdivided in 3 subclusters, one composed exclusively of isolates from hooded seals (<jats:italic>Cystophora cristata<\/jats:italic>) and the two others comprising other seal species isolates.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The clustering analysis of a large collection of marine mammal <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> isolates from European waters significantly strengthens the current view of the population structure of these two species, and their relative position with respect to the rest of the <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> genus. MLVA-16 is confirmed as being a rapid, highly discriminatory and reproducible method to classify <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> strains including the marine mammal isolates. The <jats:italic>Brucella2009<\/jats:italic> MLVA-16 genotyping database available at <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/mlva.u-psud.fr\/\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">http:\/\/mlva.u-psud.fr\/<\/jats:ext-link> is providing a detailed coverage of all 9 currently recognized <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> species.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,21]],"date-time":"2009-07-21T06:16:10Z","timestamp":1248156970000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["MLVA-16 typing of 295 marine mammal Brucella isolates from different animal and geographic origins identifies 7 major groups within Brucella ceti and Brucella pinnipedialis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Marianne","family":"Maquart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Le Fl\u00e8che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten","family":"Tryland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Ramisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berit","family":"Dj\u00f8nne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sascha","family":"Al Dahouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Jacques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Neubauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Walravens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Godfroid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Cloeckaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Vergnaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"816_CR1","first-page":"377","volume-title":"Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology","author":"MJ Corbel","year":"1984","unstructured":"Corbel MJ, Brinley Morgan WJ: Genus Brucella Meyer and Shaw 1920, 173AL. 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