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In an attempt to evaluate the importance of bacteriocin production for <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> strain residence in the gastrointestinal tract, a murine model experimental evolution study was undertaken.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Six colicin-producing, yet otherwise isogenic, <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> strains were administered and established in the large intestine of streptomycin-treated mice. The strains' persistence, population density, and doubling time were monitored over a period of 112 days. Early in the experiment only minor differences in population density between the various colicin-producing and the non-producing control strains were detected. However, over time, the density of the control strains plummeted, while that of the colicin-producing strains remained significantly higher (F<jats:sub>(7,66)<\/jats:sub> = 2.317; P &lt; 0.0008).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The data presented here support prior claims that bacteriocin production may play a significant role in the colonization of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> in the gastrointestinal tract. Further, this study suggests that the ability to produce bacteriocins may prove to be a critical factor in determining the success of establishing probiotic <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,13]],"date-time":"2009-08-13T13:30:36Z","timestamp":1250170236000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Persistence of colicinogenic Escherichia coli in the mouse gastrointestinal tract"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Osnat","family":"Gillor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itamar","family":"Giladi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret A","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"836_CR1","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases","author":"S Gorbach","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gorbach S, Bartlett JG, Blacklow NR: Infectious Diseases. 2003, Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"836_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1159\/000089775","volume":"73","author":"F Guarner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Guarner F: Enteric flora in health and disease. 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