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In this mechanism the <jats:italic>cycle<\/jats:italic> (or <jats:italic>bmal1<\/jats:italic>) gene, which is constitutively expressed, plays a critical role activating the expression of genes that will later inhibit their own activity, thereby closing the loop. Unlike <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>, the molecular clock of insect vectors is poorly understood, despite the importance of circadian behavior in the dynamic of disease transmission.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Here we describe the sequence, genomic organization and circadian expression of <jats:italic>cycle<\/jats:italic> in the crepuscular\/nocturnal hematophagous sandfly <jats:italic>Lutzomyia longipalpis<\/jats:italic>, the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas. Deduced amino acid sequence revealed that sandfly <jats:italic>cycle<\/jats:italic> has a C-terminal transactivation domain highly conserved among eukaryotes but absent in <jats:italic>D. melanogaster<\/jats:italic>. Moreover, an alternative form of the transcript was also identified. Interestingly, while <jats:italic>cycle<\/jats:italic> expression in <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic> and other Diptera is constitutive, in sandflies it is rhythmic in males and female heads but constitutive in the female body. Blood-feeding, which causes down-regulation of <jats:italic>period<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>timeless<\/jats:italic> in this species, does not affect <jats:italic>cycle<\/jats:italic> expression.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Sequence and expression analysis of <jats:italic>cycle<\/jats:italic> in <jats:italic>L. longipalpis<\/jats:italic> show interesting differences compared to <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic> suggesting that hematophagous vector species might present interesting new models to study the molecular control of insect circadian clocks.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-7-38","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,28]],"date-time":"2006-10-28T06:14:06Z","timestamp":1162016046000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Rhythmic expression of the cycle gene in a hematophagous insect vector"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Antonio CA","family":"Meireles-Filho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo R","family":"Amoretty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nataly A","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charalambos P","family":"Kyriacou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre A","family":"Peixoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"127_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.08.019","volume":"15","author":"PE Hardin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hardin PE: The Circadian Timekeeping System of Drosophila. 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