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We tested the effects of bis(7)-tacrine against glutamate-induced rat RGCs damage in vitro and in vivo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In cultured neonatal rats RGCs, the MTT assay showed that glutamate induced a concentration- and time-dependent toxicity. Bis(7)-tacrine and memantine prevented glutamate-induced cell death in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 0.028 \u03bcM and 0.834 \u03bcM, respectively. The anti-apoptosis effects of bis(7)-tacrine were confirmed by annexin V-FITC\/PI staining. In vivo, TUNEL analysis and retrograde labeling analysis found that pretreatment with bis(7)-tacrine(0.2 mg\/kg) induced a significant neuroprotective effect against glutamate-induced RGCs damage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results showed that bis(7)-tacrine had neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced RGCs damage in vitro and in vivo, possibly through the drug's anti-NMDA receptor effects. These findings make bis(7)-tacrine potentially useful for treating a variety of ischemic or traumatic retinopathies inclusive of glaucoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-11-31","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,3]],"date-time":"2010-03-03T14:15:13Z","timestamp":1267625713000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Neuroprotective effects of bis(7)-tacrine against glutamate-induced retinal ganglion cells damage"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jia Hua","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing Hua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi Rong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fa Gang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1590_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1957.00940010205006","volume":"58","author":"DR Lucas","year":"1957","unstructured":"Lucas DR, Newhouse JP: The toxic effect of sodium L-glutamate on the inner layers of the retina. 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