{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T19:10:43Z","timestamp":1791054643102,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Somatic Marker Hypothesis (SMH), based on clinical observations, delineates neuronal networks for interpreting consciousness generation and decision-making. The Iowa gambling task (IGT) was designed to verify the SMH. However, more and more behavioral and brain imaging studies had reported incongruent results that pinpointed a need to re-evaluate the central representations of SMH. The current study used event-related fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) to examine neural correlates of anticipation vs. outcome, wins vs. losses, and differential decks' contingencies of IGT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Behavioral results showed a prominent effect of frequency in driving choices. The insula and basal ganglia were activated during the anticipation phase while the inferior parietal lobule was activated during the outcome phase. The activation of medial prefrontal cortex was especially targeted during the high punishment contingencies. The data suggest that under uncertainty the normal decision makers can become myopic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The insula and basal ganglia might play a vital role in long-term guidance of decision-making. Inferior parietal lobule might participate in evaluating the consequence and medial prefrontal cortex may service the function of error monitoring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-9-72","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,26]],"date-time":"2008-07-26T18:12:37Z","timestamp":1217095957000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Brain maps of Iowa gambling task"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ching-Hung","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao-Chu","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chou-Ming","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jen-Chuen","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"755_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8178168","volume":"264","author":"H Damasio","year":"1994","unstructured":"Damasio H, Graboeski T, Frank R, Galaburda A, Damasio A: The return of Phineas Gage: Clues about the brain from the skull of a famous patient. Science. 1994, 264: 1102-1105. 10.1126\/science.8178168.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"755_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1996.0125","volume":"351","author":"A Damasio","year":"1996","unstructured":"Damasio A, Tranel D, Damasio H: The somatic marker hypothesis and the possible functions of the prefrontal cortex. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B. 1996, 351: 1413-1420. 10.1098\/rstb.1996.0125.","journal-title":"Phil Trans R Soc Lond B"},{"key":"755_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(90)90144-4","volume":"41","author":"A Damasio","year":"1990","unstructured":"Damasio A, Tranel D, Damasio H: Individuals with sociopathic behavior caused by frontal damage fail to respond autonomiccally to social stimuli. Behav Brain Res. 1990, 41: 81-94. 10.1016\/0166-4328(90)90144-4.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"755_CR4","volume-title":"Descartes' error: emotion, reason, and the human brain","author":"A Damasio","year":"1994","unstructured":"Damasio A: Descartes' error: emotion, reason, and the human brain. 1994, New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons"},{"key":"755_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198570035.001.0001","volume-title":"Emotion Explained","author":"ET Rolls","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rolls ET: Emotion Explained. 2005, New York: Oxford University Press"},{"key":"755_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-3-16","volume":"3","author":"CH Lin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lin CH, Chiu YC, Lee PL, Hsieh JC: Is deck B a disadvantageous deck in the Iowa Gambling Task?. Behav Brain Funct. 2007, 3: 16-10.1186\/1744-9081-3-16.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Funct"},{"key":"755_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-3-37","volume":"3","author":"YC Chiu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chiu YC, Lin CH: Is deck C an advantageous deck in the Iowa Gambling Task?. Behav Brain Funct. 2007, 3: 37-10.1186\/1744-9081-3-37.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Funct"},{"issue":"45","key":"755_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16075","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406666101","volume":"101","author":"T Maia","year":"2004","unstructured":"Maia T, McClelland J: A reexamination of the evidence for the somatic marker hypothesis: what participants really know in the Iowa gambling task. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004, 101 (45): 16075-16080. 10.1073\/pnas.0406666101.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"2","key":"755_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(97)00135-7","volume":"30","author":"KE Wilder","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wilder KE, Weinberger DR, Goldberg TE: Operant conditioning and the orbitofrontal cortex in schizophrenic patients: unexpected evidence for intact functioning. Schizophr Res. 1998, 30 (2): 169-174. 10.1016\/S0920-9964(97)00135-7.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"755_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1075\/ce.4.1.10pan","volume":"4","author":"J Panksepp","year":"2003","unstructured":"Panksepp J: Damasio's Error. Consciousness and Emotion. 2003, 4: 111-134. 10.1075\/ce.4.1.10pan.","journal-title":"Consciousness and Emotion"},{"key":"755_CR11","volume-title":"The brain and emotion","author":"ET Rolls","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rolls ET: The brain and emotion. 1999, New York: Oxford University Press"},{"issue":"4","key":"755_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.17.4.598","volume":"17","author":"SE MacPherson","year":"2002","unstructured":"MacPherson SE, Phillips LH, Della Sala S: Age, executive function, and social decision making: a dorsolateral prefrontal theory of cognitive aging. Psychol Aging. 2002, 17 (4): 598-609. 10.1037\/0882-7974.17.4.598.","journal-title":"Psychol Aging"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"755_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.04.023","volume":"77","author":"JM Rodriguez-Sanchez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Sanchez JM, Crespo-Facorro B, Perez-Iglesias R, Gonzalez-Blanch C, Alvarez-Jimenez M, Llorca J, Vazquez-Barquero JL: Prefrontal cognitive functions in stabilized first-episode patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a dissociation between dorsolateral and orbitofrontal functioning. Schizophr Res. 2005, 77 (2\u20133): 279-288. 10.1016\/j.schres.2005.04.023.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"755_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1053\/scnp.2001.22927","volume":"6","author":"A Bechara","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bechara A: Neurobiology of decision-making: risk and reward. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2001, 6 (3): 205-216. 10.1053\/scnp.2001.22927.","journal-title":"Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"755_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geb.2004.06.010","volume":"52","author":"A Bechara","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bechara A, Damasio A: The somatic marker hypothesis: a neural theory of economic decision. Games Econ Behav. 2005, 52: 336-372. 10.1016\/j.geb.2004.06.010.","journal-title":"Games Econ Behav"},{"key":"755_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geb.2004.09.001","volume":"52","author":"J Leland","year":"2005","unstructured":"Leland J, Grafman J: Experimental tests of Somatic Marker hypothesis. Games Econ Behav. 2005, 52: 386-409. 10.1016\/j.geb.2004.09.001.","journal-title":"Games Econ Behav"},{"issue":"45","key":"755_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16075","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406666101","volume":"101","author":"TV Maia","year":"2004","unstructured":"Maia TV, McClelland JL: A reexamination of the evidence for the somatic marker hypothesis: what participants really know in the Iowa gambling task. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004, 101 (45): 16075-16080. 10.1073\/pnas.0406666101.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"3","key":"755_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.3.376","volume":"74","author":"RE O'Carroll","year":"2003","unstructured":"O'Carroll RE, Papps BP: Decision making in humans: the effect of manipulating the central noradrenergic system. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003, 74 (3): 376-378. 10.1136\/jnnp.74.3.376.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"755_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(00)00107-X","volume":"39","author":"NT North","year":"2001","unstructured":"North NT, O'Carroll RE: Decision making in patients with spinal cord damage: afferent feedback and the somatic marker hypothesis. Neuropsychologia. 2001, 39 (5): 521-524. 10.1016\/S0028-3932(00)00107-X.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"755_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1102-1103","volume":"5","author":"I Tomb","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tomb I, Hauser M, Deldin P, Caramazza A: Do somatic markers mediate decisions on the gambling task?. Nat Neurosci. 2002, 5: 1103-1104. 10.1038\/nn1102-1103.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"14","key":"755_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2004.06.001","volume":"42","author":"HC Heims","year":"2004","unstructured":"Heims HC, Critchley HD, Dolan R, Mathias CJ, Cipolotti L: Social and motivational functioning is not critically dependent on feedback of autonomic responses: neuropsychological evidence from patients with pure autonomic failure. Neuropsychologia. 2004, 42 (14): 1979-1988. 10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2004.06.001.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"755_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.07.001","volume":"30","author":"BD Dunn","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dunn BD, Dalgleish T, Lawrence AD: The somatic marker hypothesis: A critical evaluation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2006, 30 (2): 239-271. 10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.07.001.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"755_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(01)00414-6","volume":"26","author":"M Ernst","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ernst M, Bolla K, Mouratidis M, Contoreggi C, Matochik JA, Kurian V, Cadet JL, Kimes AS, London ED: Decision-making in a risk-taking task: a PET study. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2002, 26 (5): 682-691. 10.1016\/S0893-133X(01)00414-6.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"755_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.6.1061","volume":"160","author":"M Ernst","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ernst M, Kimes AS, London ED, Matochik JA, Eldreth D, Tata S, Contoreggi C, Leff M, Bolla K: Neural substrates of decision making in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2003, 160 (6): 1061-1070. 10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.6.1061.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"755_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.08.028","volume":"24","author":"H Fukui","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fukui H, Murai T, Fukuyama H, Hayashi T, Hanakawa T: Functional activity related to risk anticipation during performance of the Iowa Gambling Task. Neuroimage. 2005, 24 (1): 253-259. 10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.08.028.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"10","key":"755_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.10.1892","volume":"160","author":"B Adinoff","year":"2003","unstructured":"Adinoff B, Devous MD, Cooper DB, Best SE, Chandler P, Harris T, Cervin CA, Cullum CM: Resting regional cerebral blood flow and gambling task performance in cocaine-dependent subjects and healthy comparison subjects. Am J Psychiatry. 2003, 160 (10): 1892-1894. 10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.10.1892.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"755_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.06.031","volume":"56","author":"KA Tucker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tucker KA, Potenza MN, Beauvais JE, Browndyke JN, Gottschalk PC, Kosten TR: Perfusion abnormalities and decision making in cocaine dependence. Biol Psychiatry. 2004, 56 (7): 527-530. 10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.06.031.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"755_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.02.012","volume":"26","author":"KI Bolla","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bolla KI, Eldreth DA, Matochik JA, Cadet JL: Neural substrates of faulty decision-making in abstinent marijuana users. Neuroimage. 2005, 26 (2): 480-492. 10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.02.012.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"7","key":"755_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20202","volume":"27","author":"G Northoff","year":"2006","unstructured":"Northoff G, Grimm S, Boeker H, Schmidt C, Bermpohl F, Heinzel A, Hell D, Boesiger P: Affective judgment and beneficial decision making: ventromedial prefrontal activity correlates with performance in the Iowa Gambling Task. Hum Brain Mapp. 2006, 27 (7): 572-587. 10.1002\/hbm.20202.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"3","key":"755_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00113-7","volume":"19","author":"KI Bolla","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bolla KI, Eldreth DA, London ED, Kiehl KA, Mouratidis M, Contoreggi C, Matochik JA, Kurian V, Cadet JL, Kimes AS, et al: Orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction in abstinent cocaine abusers performing a decision-making task. Neuroimage. 2003, 19 (3): 1085-1094. 10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00113-7.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"13","key":"755_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3304","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5070-04.2005","volume":"25","author":"SA Huettel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Huettel SA, Song A, McCarthy G: Decisions under uncertainty: probabilistic context influences activation of prefrontal and parietal cortices. J Neurosci. 2005, 25 (13): 3304-3311. 10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5070-04.2005.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"755_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.01.024","volume":"49","author":"SA Huettel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Huettel SA, Stowe CJ, Gordon EM, Warner BT, Platt ML: Neural signatures of economic preferences for risk and ambiguity. Neuron. 2006, 49 (5): 765-775. 10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.01.024.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"17","key":"755_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3683","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200112040-00016","volume":"12","author":"B Knutson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Knutson B, Fong GW, Adams CM, Varner JL, Hommer D: Dissociation of reward anticipation and outcome with event-related fMRI. Neuroreport. 2001, 12 (17): 3683-3687. 10.1097\/00001756-200112040-00016.","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"755_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00303-8","volume":"30","author":"H Breiter","year":"2001","unstructured":"Breiter H, Aharon I, Kahneman D, Dale A, Shizgal P: Functional imaging of neural responses to expectancy and experience of monetary gains and losses. Neuron. 2001, 30: 619-639. 10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00303-8.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"4","key":"755_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324826an1304_1","volume":"13","author":"JS Caroselli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Caroselli JS, Hiscock M, Scheibel RS, Ingram F: The simulated gambling paradigm applied to young adults: an examination of university students' performance. Appl Neuropsychol. 2006, 13 (4): 203-212. 10.1207\/s15324826an1304_1.","journal-title":"Appl Neuropsychol"},{"key":"755_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-1-8","volume":"1","author":"ME Toplak","year":"2005","unstructured":"Toplak ME, Jain U, Tannock R: Executive and motivational processes in adolescents with Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Behav Brain Funct. 2005, 1: 8-10.1186\/1744-9081-1-8.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Funct"},{"issue":"1","key":"755_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(03)00086-0","volume":"68","author":"LM Ritter","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ritter LM, Meador-Woodruff JH, Dalack GW: Neurocognitive measures of prefrontal cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2004, 68 (1): 65-73. 10.1016\/S0920-9964(03)00086-0.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"755_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2004.03.014","volume":"42","author":"WH Overman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Overman WH, Frassrand K, Ansel S, Trawalter S, Bies B, Redmond A: Performance on the IOWA card task by adolescents and adults. Neuropsychologia. 2004, 42 (13): 1838-1851. 10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2004.03.014.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"755_CR39","volume-title":"Psychiatry Res","author":"DJ Martino","year":"2007","unstructured":"Martino DJ, Bucay D, Butman JT, Allegri RF: Neuropsychological frontal impairments and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"755_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2005.09.011","volume":"60","author":"G Fernie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fernie G, Tunney RJ: Some decks are better than others: the effect of reinforcer type and task instructions on learning in the Iowa Gambling Task. Brain Cogn. 2006, 60 (1): 94-102. 10.1016\/j.bandc.2005.09.011.","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"issue":"5280","key":"755_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5280.1399","volume":"273","author":"BJ Knowlton","year":"1996","unstructured":"Knowlton BJ, Mangels JA, Squire LR: A neostriatal habit learning system in humans. Science. 1996, 273 (5280): 1399-1402. 10.1126\/science.273.5280.1399.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6741","key":"755_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/22268","volume":"400","author":"ML Platt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Platt ML, Glimcher PW: Neural correlates of decision variables in parietal cortex. Nature. 1999, 400 (6741): 233-238. 10.1038\/22268.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"755_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9029","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-20-09029.1999","volume":"19","author":"RD Roger","year":"1999","unstructured":"Roger RD, Owen AM, Middleton HC, Williams EJ, Pickard JD, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW: Choosing between small likely rewards and large, unlikely rewards activates inferior and orbital prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci. 1999, 19: 9029-9038.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"755_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2004.00197.x","volume":"41","author":"EA Crone","year":"2004","unstructured":"Crone EA, Somsen RJM, van Beek B, Molen van Der MW: Heart rate and skin conductance analysis of antecendents and consequences of decision making. Psychophysiology. 2004, 41: 531-540. 10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2004.00197.x.","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"755_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2004.04.013","volume":"134","author":"R Bark","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bark R, Dieckmann S, Bogerts B, Northoff G: Deficit in decision making in catatonic schizophrenia: an exploratory study. Psychiatry Res. 2005, 134 (2): 131-141. 10.1016\/j.psychres.2004.04.013.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"755_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.01.005","volume":"92","author":"S Sevy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sevy S, Burdick KE, Visweswaraiah H, Abdelmessih S, Lukin M, Yechiam E, Bechara A: Iowa gambling task in schizophrenia: a review and new data in patients with schizophrenia and co-occurring cannabis use disorders. Schizophr Res. 2007, 92 (1\u20133): 74-84. 10.1016\/j.schres.2007.01.005.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"755_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2007.09.012","volume":"46","author":"CA Johnson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Johnson CA, Xiao L, Palmer P, Sun P, Wang Q, Wei Y, Jia Y, Grenard JL, Stacy AW, Bechara A: Affective decision-making deficits, linked to a dysfunctional ventromedial prefrontal cortex, revealed in 10th grade Chinese adolescent binge drinkers. Neuropsychologia. 2008, 46 (2): 714-726. 10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2007.09.012.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"755_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(94)90018-3","volume":"50","author":"A Bechara","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bechara A, Damasio A, Damasio H, Anderson S: Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition. 1994, 50: 7-15. 10.1016\/0010-0277(94)90018-3.","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"755_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.2307\/1914185","volume":"47","author":"D Kahneman","year":"1979","unstructured":"Kahneman D, Tversky A: Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica. 1979, 47: 263-291. 10.2307\/1914185.","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"755_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7455683","volume":"211","author":"A Tversky","year":"1981","unstructured":"Tversky A, Kahneman D: The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science. 1981, 211: 453-458. 10.1126\/science.7455683.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"755_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1257\/000282803322655392","volume":"93","author":"D Kahneman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kahneman D: Maps of bounded rationality: psychology for behavioral economics. Amer Econ Rev. 2003, 93: 1449-1475. 10.1257\/000282803322655392.","journal-title":"Amer Econ Rev"},{"key":"755_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1037\/h0026888","volume":"79","author":"S Lichtenstein","year":"1969","unstructured":"Lichtenstein S, Slovic P, Zink DJ: Effect of instruction in expected value on optimality of gambling decisions. J Exp Psychol Gen. 1969, 79: 236-240. 10.1037\/h0026888.","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Gen"},{"key":"755_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/3077.001.0001","volume-title":"Foundations In Social Neuroscience","author":"JT Cacioppo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cacioppo JT, Gardner WL, Bernston GG: The affective system has parallel and integrative processing components: form follows function. Foundations In Social Neuroscience. Edited by: Cacioppo JT, Berntson GG, Adolphs R, Carter S, Davidson RJ, McClintock MK, McEwen BS, Meaney MJ, Schacter DL, Sternberg EM, et al. 2002, Cambridge: MIT, 493-522."},{"issue":"8","key":"755_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2793","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-08-02793.2001","volume":"21","author":"GS Berns","year":"2001","unstructured":"Berns GS, McClure SM, Pagnoni G, Montague PR: Predictability modulates human brain response to reward. J Neurosci. 2001, 21 (8): 2793-2798.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"755_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(98)00019-8","volume":"28","author":"KC Berridge","year":"1998","unstructured":"Berridge KC, Robinson TE: What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience?. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1998, 28 (3): 309-369. 10.1016\/S0165-0173(98)00019-8.","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"755_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4595","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-12-04595.1992","volume":"12","author":"W Schultz","year":"1992","unstructured":"Schultz W, Apicella P, Scarnati E, Ljungberg T: Neuronal activity in monkey ventral striatum related to the expectation of reward. J Neurosci. 1992, 12: 4595-4610.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"755_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.06.024","volume":"51","author":"K Preuschoff","year":"2006","unstructured":"Preuschoff K, Bossaerts P, Quartz SR: Neural differentiation of expected reward and risk in human subcortical structures. Neuron. 2006, 51 (3): 381-390. 10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.06.024.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"16","key":"755_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"RC159","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-16-j0002.2001","volume":"21","author":"B Knutson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Knutson B, Adams CM, Fong GW, Hommer D: Anticipation of increasing monetary reward selectively recruits nucleus accumbens. J Neurosci. 2001, 21 (16): RC159.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"755_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wco.0000173463.24758.f6","volume":"18","author":"B Knutson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Knutson B, Cooper JC: Functional magnetic resonance imaging of reward prediction. Curr Opin Neurol. 2005, 18 (4): 411-417. 10.1097\/01.wco.0000173463.24758.f6.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"755_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.08.008","volume":"47","author":"CM Kuhnen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kuhnen CM, Knutson B: The neural basis of financial risk taking. Neuron. 2005, 47 (5): 763-770. 10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.08.008.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"755_CR61","first-page":"1043","volume-title":"The Cognitive Neurosciences III","author":"HC Breiter","year":"2005","unstructured":"Breiter HC, Gasic GP: A general circuitry processing reward\/aversion information and its implications for neuropsychiatric illness. The Cognitive Neurosciences III. Edited by: Gazzaniga MS. 2005, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1043-1065. 3","edition":"3"},{"issue":"7106","key":"755_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05051","volume":"442","author":"M Pessiglione","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pessiglione M, Seymour B, Flandin G, Dolan RJ, Frith CD: Dopamine-dependent prediction errors underpin reward-seeking behaviour in humans. Nature. 2006, 442 (7106): 1042-1045. 10.1038\/nature05051.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"755_CR63","volume-title":"From conditioning to conscious recollection: memory systems of the brain","author":"H Eichenbaum","year":"2001","unstructured":"Eichenbaum H, Cohen NJ: From conditioning to conscious recollection: memory systems of the brain. 2001, Oxford: Oxford University Press"},{"issue":"3","key":"755_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200502280-00015","volume":"16","author":"A Schienle","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schienle A, Schafer A, Stark R, Walter B, Vaitl D: Gender differences in the processing of disgust- and fear-inducing pictures: an fMRI study. Neuroreport. 2005, 16 (3): 277-280. 10.1097\/00001756-200502280-00015.","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"1","key":"755_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.06.025","volume":"388","author":"A Schienle","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schienle A, Schafer A, Walter B, Stark R, Vaitl D: Brain activation of spider phobics towards disorder-relevant, generally disgust- and fear-inducing pictures. Neurosci Lett. 2005, 388 (1): 1-6. 10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.06.025.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"755_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1159\/000084165","volume":"51","author":"A Schienle","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schienle A, Schafer A, Stark R, Walter B, Vaitl D: Relationship between disgust sensitivity, trait anxiety and brain activity during disgust induction. Neuropsychobiology. 2005, 51 (2): 86-92. 10.1159\/000084165.","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"755_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.09.072","volume":"393","author":"A Schienle","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schienle A, Schafer A, Hermann A, Walter B, Stark R, Vaitl D: fMRI responses to pictures of mutilation and contamination. Neurosci Lett. 2006, 393 (2\u20133): 174-178. 10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.09.072.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"755_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(03)00169-7","volume":"50","author":"R Stark","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stark R, Schienle A, Walter B, Kirsch P, Sammer G, Ott U, Blecker C, Vaitl D: Hemodynamic responses to fear and disgust-inducing pictures: an fMRI study. Int J Psychophysiol. 2003, 50 (3): 225-234. 10.1016\/S0167-8760(03)00169-7.","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"755_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2004.11.014","volume":"70","author":"R Stark","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stark R, Schienle A, Girod C, Walter B, Kirsch P, Blecker C, Ott U, Schafer A, Sammer G, Zimmermann M, et al: Erotic and disgust-inducing pictures \u2013 differences in the hemodynamic responses of the brain. Biol Psychol. 2005, 70 (1): 19-29. 10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2004.11.014.","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"755_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00381-1","volume":"20","author":"P Kirsch","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kirsch P, Schienle A, Stark R, Sammer G, Blecker C, Walter B, Ott U, Burkart J, Vaitl D: Anticipation of reward in a nonaversive differential conditioning paradigm and the brain reward system: an event-related fMRI study. Neuroimage. 2003, 20 (2): 1086-1095. 10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00381-1.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"5","key":"755_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00603-7","volume":"33","author":"JP O'Doherty","year":"2002","unstructured":"O'Doherty JP, Deichmann R, Critchley HD, Dolan RJ: Neural responses during anticipation of a primary taste reward. Neuron. 2002, 33 (5): 815-826. 10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00603-7.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"16","key":"755_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200211150-00006","volume":"13","author":"A Schienle","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schienle A, Stark R, Walter B, Blecker C, Ott U, Kirsch P, Sammer G, Vaitl D: The insula is not specifically involved in disgust processing: an fMRI study. Neuroreport. 2002, 13 (16): 2023-2026. 10.1097\/00001756-200211150-00006.","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"755_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1135926","volume":"315","author":"NH Naqvi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Naqvi NH, Rudrauf D, Damasio H, Bechara A: Damage to the insula disrupts addiction to cigarette smoking. Science. 2007, 315: 531-534. 10.1126\/science.1135926.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"755_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1974.21-159","volume":"21","author":"RJ Herrnstein","year":"1974","unstructured":"Herrnstein RJ: Formal properties of the matching law. J Exp Anal Behav. 1974, 21: 159-164. 10.1901\/jeab.1974.21-159.","journal-title":"J Exp Anal Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"755_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0578-x","volume":"191","author":"KC Berridge","year":"2007","unstructured":"Berridge KC: The debate over dopamine's role in reward: the case for incentive salience. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2007, 191 (3): 391-431. 10.1007\/s00213-006-0578-x.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"755_CR76","volume-title":"The psychology of economics decisions: Rationality and Well-Being","author":"R Baumeister","year":"2003","unstructured":"Baumeister R: The psychology of irrationality: Why people make foolish, self-defeating choices. The psychology of economics decisions: Rationality and Well-Being. Edited by: Brocas I, Carrillo J. 2003, New York: Oxford University Press, I."},{"key":"755_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199251063.003.0002","volume-title":"The psychology of economics decisions: Rationality and Well-Being","author":"K Berridge","year":"2003","unstructured":"Berridge K: Irrational pursuits: hyper-incentives from a visceral brain. The psychology of economics decisions: Rationality and Well-Being. Edited by: Brocas I, Carrillo J. 2003, New York: Oxford University Press, I: 17-40."},{"issue":"1","key":"755_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0511(03)00093-0","volume":"65","author":"A Suzuki","year":"2003","unstructured":"Suzuki A, Hirota A, Takasawa N, Shigemasu K: Application of the somatic marker hypothesis to individual differences in decision making. Biol Psychol. 2003, 65 (1): 81-88. 10.1016\/S0301-0511(03)00093-0.","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"issue":"23","key":"755_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9430","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-23-09430.2001","volume":"21","author":"WJ Gehring","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gehring WJ, Fencsik DE: Functions of the medial frontal cortex in the processing of conflict and errors. J Neurosci. 2001, 21 (23): 9430-9437.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"755_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1066893","volume":"295","author":"WJ Gehring","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gehring WJ, Willoughby AR: The medial frontal cortex and rapid processing of monetary gains and losses. Science. 2002, 295: 2279-2282. 10.1126\/science.1066893.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"755_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1326","volume":"17","author":"H Garavan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Garavan H, Ross TJ, Murphy K, Roche RA, Stein EA: Dissociable executive functions in the dynamic control of behavior: inhibition, error detection, and correction. Neuroimage. 2002, 17 (4): 1820-1829. 10.1006\/nimg.2002.1326.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"755_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1996.0124","volume":"351","author":"T Shallice","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shallice T, Burgress P: The domain of supervisory processes and temporal organization of behaviour. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B. 1996, 351: 1405-1412. 10.1098\/rstb.1996.0124.","journal-title":"Phil Trans R Soc Lond B"},{"key":"755_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1038\/19525","volume":"398","author":"L Tremblay","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tremblay L, Schultz W: Relative reward preference in primate orbitofrontal cortex. Nature. 1999, 398: 704-708. 10.1038\/19525.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"755_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1996.0128","volume":"351","author":"ET Rolls","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rolls ET: The orbitofrontal cortex. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B. 1996, 351: 1433-1444. 10.1098\/rstb.1996.0128.","journal-title":"Phil Trans R Soc Lond B"},{"key":"755_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg180","volume":"126","author":"LK Fellows","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fellows LK, Farah MJ: Ventromedial frontal cortex mediates affective shifting in humans: evidence from a reversal learning paradigm. Brain. 2003, 126: 1830-1837. 10.1093\/brain\/awg180.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"755_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1037\/h0075798","volume":"8","author":"OL Tinklepaugh","year":"1928","unstructured":"Tinklepaugh OL: An experimental study of representive factors in monkeys. J Comp Psychol. 1928, 8: 197-236. 10.1037\/h0075798.","journal-title":"J Comp Psychol"},{"key":"755_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/19414","volume":"398","author":"M Watanabe","year":"1999","unstructured":"Watanabe M: Attraction is relative not absolute. Nature. 1999, 398: 661-663. 10.1038\/19414.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"755_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.06.041","volume":"28","author":"RB Mars","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mars RB, Coles MG, Grol MJ, Holroyd CB, Nieuwenhuis S, Hulstijn W, Toni I: Neural dynamics of error processing in medial frontal cortex. Neuroimage. 2005, 28 (4): 1007-1013. 10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.06.041.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"3","key":"755_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4151-04.2005","volume":"25","author":"C Wang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wang C, Ulbert I, Schomer DL, Marinkovic K, Halgren E: Responses of human anterior cingulate cortex microdomains to error detection, conflict monitoring, stimulus-response mapping, familiarity, and orienting. J Neurosci. 2005, 25 (3): 604-613. 10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4151-04.2005.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"755_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2003.05.001","volume":"115","author":"JD Rollnik","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rollnik JD, Schroder C, Rodriguez-Fornells A, Kurzbuch AR, Dauper J, Moller J, Munte TF: Functional lesions and human action monitoring: combining repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and event-related brain potentials. Clin Neurophysiol. 2004, 115 (1): 145-153. 10.1016\/j.clinph.2003.05.001.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"755_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6475","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-16-06475.2003","volume":"23","author":"ME Walton","year":"2003","unstructured":"Walton ME, Bannerman DM, Alterescu K, Rushworth MF: Functional specialization within medial frontal cortex of the anterior cingulate for evaluating effort-related decisions. J Neurosci. 2003, 23 (16): 6475-6479.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"755_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3536","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0530279100","volume":"100","author":"J Dickhaut","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dickhaut J, McCabe K, Nagode JC, Rustichini A, Smith K, Pardo JV: The impact of the certainty context on the process of choice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003, 100 (6): 3536-3541. 10.1073\/pnas.0530279100.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"2","key":"755_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00745.2006","volume":"97","author":"PN Tobler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tobler PN, O'Doherty JP, Dolan RJ, Schultz W: Reward value coding distinct from risk attitude-related uncertainty coding in human reward systems. J Neurophysiol. 2007, 97 (2): 1621-1632. 10.1152\/jn.00745.2006.","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"755_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh083","volume":"14","author":"KI Bolla","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bolla KI, Eldreth DA, Matochik JA, Cadet JL: Sex-related differences in a gambling task and its neurological correlates. Cereb Cortex. 2004, 14 (11): 1226-1232. 10.1093\/cercor\/bhh083.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"3","key":"755_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.10.002","volume":"24","author":"MR Delgado","year":"2005","unstructured":"Delgado MR, Miller MM, Inati S, Phelps EA: An fMRI study of reward-related probability learning. Neuroimage. 2005, 24 (3): 862-873. 10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.10.002.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"755_CR96","volume-title":"Hum Brain Mapp","author":"J Tanabe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tanabe J, Thompson L, Claus E, Dalwani M, Hutchison K, Banich MT: Prefrontal cortex activity is reduced in gambling and nongambling substance users during decision-making. Hum Brain Mapp. 2007"},{"key":"755_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-4-13","volume":"4","author":"YC Chiu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chiu YC, Lin CH, Huang JT, Lin S, Lee PL, Hsieh JC: Immediate gain is long-term loss: are there foresighted decision makers in the Iowa gambling task?. Behav Brain Funct. 2008, 4: 13-10.1186\/1744-9081-4-13.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Funct"},{"issue":"4","key":"755_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.042","volume":"60","author":"MP Paulus","year":"2006","unstructured":"Paulus MP, Stein MB: An insular view of anxiety. Biol Psychiatry. 2006, 60 (4): 383-387. 10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.042.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"755_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1840","volume":"10","author":"N Persaud","year":"2007","unstructured":"Persaud N, McLeod P, Cowey A: Post-decision wagering objectively measures awareness. Nat Neurosci. 2007, 10 (2): 257-261. 10.1038\/nn1840.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"755_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.11.2189","volume":"123","author":"A Bechara","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bechara A, Tranel D, Damasio H, Damasio A: Characterization of the decision-making deficit of patients with ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions. Brain. 2000, 123: 2189-2202. 10.1093\/brain\/123.11.2189.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"755_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5473","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-13-05473.1999","volume":"19","author":"A Bechara","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bechara A, Damasio H, Damasio A, Lee GP: Different contributions of the human amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex to decision-making. J Neurosci. 1999, 19: 5473-5481.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"755_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.02.006","volume":"9","author":"T Maia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maia T, McClelland J: The somatic marker hypothesis: still many questions but no answers. Trends Cogn Sci. 2005, 9: 162-164. 10.1016\/j.tics.2005.02.006.","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"755_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5304.1293","volume":"275","author":"A Bechara","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bechara A, Damasio H, Tranel D, Damasio A: Deciding advantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy. Science. 1997, 275: 1293-1295. 10.1126\/science.275.5304.1293.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"755_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.02.002","volume":"9","author":"A Bechara","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bechara A, Damasio H, Tranel D, Damasio A: The Iowa gambling task and the somatic marker hypothesis: some questions and answers. Trends Cogn Sci. 2005, 9: 159-162. 10.1016\/j.tics.2005.02.002.","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"755_CR105","volume-title":"Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain: 3-Dimensional Proportional System: An Approach to Cerebral Imaging","author":"J Talairach","year":"1988","unstructured":"Talairach J, Tournoux P: Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain: 3-Dimensional Proportional System: An Approach to Cerebral Imaging. 1988, New York: Thieme Medical Publishers"}],"container-title":["BMC Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2202-9-72.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T18:47:34Z","timestamp":1709146054000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcneurosci.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2202-9-72"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,26]]},"references-count":105,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]}},"alternative-id":["755"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2202-9-72","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2202"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2202","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 March 2008","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 July 2008","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 July 2008","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"72"}}